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subdivisions of the nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

when does development of the nervous system begin?

A

around the 18th day after conception

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2
Q

what happens by the 25th day after conception?

A

ridges touch each other and fuse together, forming teh neural tube

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3
Q

What does the neural tube give rise to?

A

the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

forebrain divides into

A

lateral and third ventricle

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5
Q

midbrain divides into

A

cerebral aqueduct

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6
Q

what ventricles doe sthe hindbrain contain?

A

the fourth ventricle

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7
Q

what subdivisions does the hind brain contain?

A

metencephalon

myelencephalon

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8
Q

what subdivision does the lateral ventricle contain?

A

telencephalon

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9
Q

what subdivision does the third ventricle contain?

A

diencephalon

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10
Q

what subdivision does the cerebral aqueduct contain?

A

mesencephalon

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11
Q

what principle structures are in the telencephalon?

A

cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
limbic system

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12
Q

what principal structures are in the diencephalon?

A

thalamus

hypothalamus

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13
Q

what principal structures are part of the mesencephalon?

A

tectum tegmentum

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14
Q

what principal structures are part of the metencephalon?

A

cerebellum

pons

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15
Q

what principal structures are part of the myelencephalon?

A

medulla oblongata

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16
Q

what is the largest major division of the brain?

A

forebrain

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17
Q

what are the three major divisions of the brain?

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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18
Q

what is the cerebral cortex?

A

thin, wrinkled layer of tissue covering the brain, consisting of two hemispheres

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19
Q

why is the cerebral cortex crumpled up?

A

to fit the large SA into the skull

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20
Q

grey matter

A

composed of cell bodies of the neurons

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21
Q

white matter

A

the axons and dendrites if the neurons- bundles of ‘cables’ connecting regions of the brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

corpus callosum

A

network joining the two hemispheres and allowing them to communicate

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23
Q

four lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

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24
Q

somatotopic organisation

A

Correspondence of an area of the brain to a part of the body

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25
Q

primary motor cortex

A

neurons in different regions of the motor cortex connect to muscles in different regions on the contralateral side of the bosy

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26
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

receives information from the body senses, different regions receive information from different parts of teh body

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27
Q

the primary visual cortex

A

receives visual information

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28
Q

what is the Brodmann area?

A

a region of the cerebral cortex defined based on its cytoarchitectonics, or structure and organisation of cells

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29
Q

mow many brodmann areas are there?

A

46

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30
Q

what are many of the Brodmann’s areas defined based solely on?

A

their neuronal organisation

and have since been closely correlated to diverse cortical functions

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31
Q

limbic system

A

set of structures involved in learning, memory and emotion

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32
Q

structures of the limbic system

A 
limbic cortex 
hippocampus 
amygdala 
fornix 
mammillary bodies (part of the hypothalamus)
33
Q

telencephalon (the basal ganglia)

A

set of structures involved in processing information for motor movement

34
Q

major structures of the basal ganglia motor system include:

A

caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus

35
Q

what does basal ganglia control?

A

movement

36
Q

diencephalon

A

part of forebrain consisting largely of the thalamus and hypothalamus

37
Q

thalamus

A

main sensory relay for all senses (expect smell) and the cortex
Nuclei: LGN, MGN

38
Q

the primary motor cortex neurons

A

neurons in different regions of the motor cortex connect to muscles in different regions of the contralateral side of the body

39
Q

where does the the primary somatosensory cortex receive information from?

A

the body senses, different region receive information from different parts of the body

40
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

receives auditory information

41
Q

primary visual cortex

A

receives visual information

42
Q

hypothalamus

A

set of nuclei involved in regulating the autonomic nervous system, controlling the pituitary gland and producing most of the hormones in control of the endocrine system

43
Q

what is teh diencephalon primarily concerned with

A

body and its regulation

fighting, fleeing, feeding, mating

44
Q

tectum contains the:

A

superior colliculi

inferior colliculi

45
Q

superior colliculi

A

subcortical sensory pathway involved in fast eye movements (vision)

46
Q

inferior colliculi

A

part of the auditory pathway

47
Q

what does tegmentum have a role in?

A

motor movement

48
Q

tegmentum

A

1) reticular formation
2) red nucleus
3) substantia nigra

49
Q

cerebellum

A

appears as a mini brain

involved in motor coordination and smooth execution of movement

50
Q

pons

A

part of reticular formation
involved in sleep and arousal
link between cerebellum and cerebrum

51
Q

myelencephalon

A

contains the medulla oblongata
involved in basic life functions such as:
breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, heart rate and wake sleep cycles

52
Q

nervous system divides into

A

central and peripheral nervous system

53
Q

CNS divides into

A

spinal cord and brain

54
Q

peripheral nervous system divides into

A

somatic and autonomic nervous system

55
Q

autonomic nervous system splits into

A

afferent and efferent nerves

56
Q

efferent nerves of autonomic nervous system split into

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

57
Q

somatic nervous system splits into

A

afferent and efferent nerves

58
Q

where does the CNS tissue extend caudally from?

A

the medulla in the brain

59
Q

what does the spinal cord communicate with?

A

sense organs and muscles below the level of the head

60
Q

primary components of the spinal cord

A

dorsal roots

ventral roots

61
Q

dorsal roots

A

afferent- carry sensory information to the CNS

62
Q

ventral roots

A

efferent- carry sensory information away from the CNS

63
Q

afferent

A

to the CNS

64
Q

efferent

A

away from teh CNS

65
Q

where is the peripheral nervous system located?

A

outside the skill and spine

66
Q

function of the peripheral nervous system

A

bring information to CNS, take information away from the CNS

67
Q

somatic nervous system

A

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the movement of muscles and transmits somatosensory information to the central nervous system

68
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

the portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls the bodies vegetative functions

69
Q

what nerves are in teh somatic nervous system?

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves involved in processing sensory information and controlling voluntary movement

70
Q

afferent nerves somatic NS

A

toward CNS carrying sensory info

71
Q

efferent nerves SNS

A

away from CNS conveying motor commands

72
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 motor and/or sensory nerves attached to the ventral surface of the brain
sensory and motor functions of the head and neck

73
Q

spinal nerves

A

peripheral nerves attached to the spinal cord

74
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

75
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls the body’s vegetative functions

regulation of smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands

76
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight

arousal and preparing body for an expenditure of energy

77
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and restore

relaxing the body

78
Q

what are all nerves in the autonomic nervous system?

A

efferent

brain and behaviour (12 decks)

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