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brain and behaviour > introduction > Flashcards

introduction Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

cognition

A

higher mental processes

thinking, perceiving, imagining, speaking, acting and planning

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2
Q

what does cognitive neuroscience relate to?

A

the neural basis of behaviour

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3
Q

what does cognitive neuroscience bridge the gap between?

A

biological sciences, psychology and psychiatry

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4
Q

mental representation

A

the sense in which properties of the outside world are copied/ stimulated by cognition

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5
Q

neural representation

A

the way in which properties of the outside world manifest in themselves in the neural signal

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6
Q

what has neuroimaging enabled scientists to do?

A

to begin to uncover the neural basis of consciousness, raising interesting questions about how our experience of the world is constructed

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7
Q

historical perspectives

A

do mental experiences arise in the heart or the brain?

how can a physical substance give rise to mental experiences (the mind brain problem)

dualism- the mind (eternal) and body (mortal) are separate substances

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8
Q

front

A

anterior/ rostral

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9
Q

back

A

posterior/ caudal

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10
Q

top

A

dorsal

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11
Q

bottom

A

ventral

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12
Q

lateral

A

towards side

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13
Q

medial

A

towards middle

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14
Q

same side

A

ipsilateral

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15
Q

opposite side

A

contralateral

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16
Q

transverse section

A

right angle to the neural axis (left to right)

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17
Q

sagittal section

A

parallel to neuraxis and perpendicular to the ground

front to back and vertical

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18
Q

horizontal section

A

parallel to the ground

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19
Q

peripheral nervous system contains

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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20
Q

weight of the brain

A

large mass of glia and other supporting cells

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21
Q

how much body weight does the brain account for?

A

2%

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22
Q

what is the brain encased in?

A

tough bony skull and floating in CSF fluid

23
Q

how much of or blood supply does the brain use? how much oxygen?

A

20% blood

15-20% 0xygen

24
Q

how many miles of blood vessels does the human brain contain

A

400 miles

25
Q

hole for the passage of the spinal cord

A

foramen magnum

26
Q

hole for the passage of the spinal cord

A

foramen magnum

27
Q

meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid
pitamater

28
Q

dura mater

A

tough flexible outermost meninx

29
Q

arachnoid

A

middle layer of the meninges
like a sheet of cellophane that is draped over the brain
it does not dip into the valleys of the brain contour

30
Q

pia mater

A

last layer of the meninges, which adheres to the surface of the brain

31
Q

subarachnoid space

A

space between the arachnoid and pia filled with cerebrospinal fluid

32
Q

ventricular system of the brain

A

a set of chambers within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid

33
Q

what are the ventricles

A

lateral
third
cerebral aqueduct
fourth

34
Q

CSF is formed by?

A

choroid plexus

35
Q

what is CSF similar to in composition

A

blood plasma

36
Q

what does the CSF do?

A

forms a watery cushion to protect the brain
suspends the brain reducing its mass
shock absorber
provides optimal conditions

37
Q

where is the CSF circulated?

A

lateral ventricles
third ventricle
cerebral aquaduct
fourth ventricle.
The CSF leaves the fourth ventricle and flows through the subarachnoid space
The CSF flows around the brain and spinal cord
CSF needs to be reabsorbed into the blood supply to prevent accumulation of fluid

38
Q

what is the total volume of cerebrospinal fluid?

A

125-150ml

39
Q

why does CSF need to be reabsorbed into the blood steam?

A

it is constantly being produced

40
Q

is CSF passively or actively secreted from the brain?

A

actively

41
Q

how many times a day does the entire volume of CSF turn over?

A

3 to 4 times a day

42
Q

hydrocephalus

A

build up of fluid in the brain

43
Q

treatment of hydrocephalus

A

valve to regulate pressure
tube inserted into lateral ventricle
tube into abdominal cavity

44
Q

what did Luigi Galvani find?

A

electrical stimulation of frogs nerve caused contraction of attached muscle

45
Q

balloonist theory

A

that brain inflated muscles by directing pressurised fluid/ air through the nerve

46
Q

dual-aspect theory

A

mind and body are two levels of explanation of the same thing

47
Q

reductionism

A

mind eventually explained solely in terms of physical/ biological theory

48
Q

most psychologist’s deal with reductionism:

A

complex phenomena explained in terms of simpler ones

49
Q

most psychologists deal with generalisation

A

particular instances of behaviour as examples of general laws, which they deduce from their experiments explained

50
Q

why would the corpus callosum be split

A

the only relief for patients with violent and frequent epileptic seizures

51
Q

what is the corpus callosum?

A

a bundle of nerve fibres which serve to connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres

52
Q

what is the left hemisphere in control of?

A

language and right side motor control

53
Q

what is the right hemisphere in control of?

A

left side motor control

54
Q

what ensures stimuli are presented to only one hemisphere?

A

tachistoscopic presentation

brain and behaviour (12 decks)

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