Subcutaneous Mycoses of skin Flashcards
chromoblastomycosis caused by
cladophialophora carrion
fonseacea compact and pedrosi
phialophora verrucosa
epi of chromoblastomycosis*
how?
Americas
Africa
Japan
due to traumatic implantation of fomites into skin
pathogenesis chromoblastomycosis
incubation
incubation 1 month or more
invasion of subq tissue resulting in suppurative exudate with fibrous tissue firing foci of necrosis
sclerotic cells in granulomas
causes collagenous encapsulation of CT around the fungi– hyperplasia and granulomas
s/s chromoblastomycosis *
- verrucous dermatitis- causing cauliflower shaped lesions*
- cladosporiosis- single / multiple lesions in brain
dx chromoblaromycosis
sclerotic bodies* with branching hyphae thick walled round to oval brown cells with septa in infected tissue
tx chromoblastomycosis
itraconazole
phaehyphomycosis
darkly pigmented dematiaceou monomorphic molds
100 species of melanized
epi of phaehyphomycosis
special?
literally found everywhere
humans and animals resevoirs
transmitted via traumatic implantation
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED with impaired innate immunity or metabolic disease
path phaehyphomycosis
multiple granulomatous accesses formed in tissues surrounding swollen oval hyphae and conidia
s.s phaehyphomycosis
cutaneous- cracks fissured ulcerated lichenified skin with formation of abscess plaques and granulomas (same color as fungus)
asymptomatic solitary well encapsulated
dx phaehyphomycosis
branched masses of brown hyphae and pigmented condos with melanin
tx phaehyphomycosis
iconazole
but theres resistance `
pseudallescheriasis by
pseudallesheria boidy
and madullera mycetomatis
cause eumucetomas - (fancy granulomas) in the ascomycota phylum
epi pseudallescheriasis
worldwide in decaying veg manure and polluted water
inhalation traumatic implantaiton
path pseudallescheriasis
how does it evade immunity
months to years
form granulomas which develop into allergic rxns
deposit extracellular melanin forming thick cell walls and immunomodulation
s/s pseudallescheriasis
eumycetomas- painless tumor like swellings in skin that ulcerate
form sinus tracts
woody disfigurement *
Pulmonary - bronhcial pneumonia and fungus ball formation
dx pseudallescheriasis
exudate has granules that has broad branching septate hyphae
with dense nutropwlic exudate as black grains
tx pseudallescheriasis
ketoconazole (after surgery)
rhinosporiodosis by
rhinosporidium seeberi
epi rhinosporiodosis
worldwide
inhalation or contact with stagnant water
path rhinosporiodosis
micro absences or polyps form when they establish infection in mucosa
filled with endospores form granulomas
s/s rhinosporiodosis
nasal- sessile / pedunculate polyps
cutaneius- wart like cutenaous lesions
systemic- polyps bone liver ling and brain
dx rhinosporiodosis
biopsied tissues with thick walled spherules*- (sporangia)and endospores inside
tx rhinosporiodosis
Amphotericin B
lobomycosis caused by
lacazia loboi
monomorphic yeast
epi lobomycosis
location
reservoir
transmission
south and central america Florida
humans and Dolphins (so like he would say in a plant within an island?)
lobomycosis incubation and transmission
transmitted via traumatic contact with the skin
incubation one month or more
path lobomycosis
yeast cells release toxic compounds that produced inflammatory reaction leading to chronic granulomas
s.s lobomycosis
what can develop??
painless plaques and keloids on skin that ulcerate spreading to form tumor like areas of infection
squamous cell carcinomas can develop
dx lobomycosis
culture?
thick walled globose lemon shaped budding yeasts joined by short tubes
[lemon shaped yeast cells]
can’t be cultures
tx lobomycosis
surgical excision