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Microbio II Exam 1 > Fungi Intro > Flashcards

Fungi Intro Flashcards

1
Q
  • Characteristics of fungal cells
A

eukaryotic nucleus
mitocondria, ER
Bi layered cell membrane (innermost layer)
cell wall
(cell size and volume bigger than bacteria)

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2
Q

fungal cell membrane made of?

fungal cell wall made of ?

A

cell membrane: Ergosterol (target for many drugs)

Cell wall: Chitin, gluons, mannans, proteins

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3
Q

-chemical description of fungal metabolism

A

heterotrophs– incapable of producing their own energy

saprophytes- decompose dead/ dying material to use as food

[ so if we become immunosuppressed we are their targets / with some exceptions]

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4
Q

-morphology of fungi: Mycelia

hyphae

A

mycelia- multicellular colonies composed of clumps of intertwined branching hyphae

hyphae grow by longitudinal extension and produce spores

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5
Q

-requirements for growth of fungi in lab

A

mold: 25 C
yeast: 37 C (on Saborauds dextrose agar)

  • takes 4-6 weeks to grow
    antibiotics added to inhibit bacterial growth
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6
Q

yeast v mold

A

yeast: single cells
mold: multicellular filamentous colonies

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7
Q

-monomorphic

A

can grow as yeast or mold but not both

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8
Q

-dimorphic

A

can grow as yeast and mold depending on temperatures
yeast- at body
mold- room temp

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9
Q

septa hyphae v coenocytic hyphae

A

septa hyphae- divided into individual cells by septums
- septums have pores to allow passage of organelles
coenocytic hyphae- non septate- with continuous mass of cytoplasm

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10
Q

arthrospores

A

hyphae segments formed by fragmentation of hyphae

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11
Q

chlamydospores

A

thick walled spores (little circles) formed terminally of within hyphae segments

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12
Q

conidiophores

A

formed at the tops of hyphae aka as microconidia

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13
Q

sporangia

A

spherical sac like structures with sporangiospires

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14
Q

-kingdom classification of fungi and protozoa

A

fungi- Eukaryotic heterotroph

protozoa= eukaryotic

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15
Q

-how are fungi assigned their taxonomy?

A

based on their mode of sexual spore formation/ analysis of their DNA

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16
Q

four fungal phylum

A

ascomycota
basidiomycota
zygomycota
deuteromycota

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17
Q

-Ascomycota

A

sac like structures
ascospore formation *

Sexual

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18
Q
  • basidiomycota
A

basidiospore in club shaped structure
(mushrooms, toad stools)

Sexual

19
Q
  • zygomycota
A

conjugation ( sexual reproduction where the tips of multinucleate hyphae come together and form a zygospore)

Sexual

20
Q
  • Deuteromycota
A

form conidya!!!

Asexual reproduction*

21
Q

how are fungi disseminated

A

Asexual spores

22
Q

how do fungi reproduce

A 
Asexual budding (division of one cell into two cells) 
fragmentation (pieces of hyphae grow) 
spore formation (haploid Cells)
23
Q

fungal pathogenic fungi are considered?

A

chemoheterotrophic- bc they obtain carbon compounds from

  • non living organic material (sacrophytes)
  • living tissue ( symbionts)
24
Q

symbiont fungi are either?

A

necrotrophic- facultative pathogens that live on damaged tissue
biotrophic- obligate live on living tissues

25
Q

virulence factors of fungi

A

extracellular enzymes- proteases and elastase
released at advancing edge of the lesion
cause host cell damage and lysis

26
Q

Mannan in virulence

A

glycoprotein component of fungal cell walls

  • surpasses lymphoblast formation
  • inhibits lymphocyte proliferation
  • inhibits keratinocyte proliferation (slowing epidermal turnover) to allow more persistent chronic infection
27
Q

avirulence fungi

v virulent fungi

A

avirulent - have lower growth rate due to lack of invasive enzymes

virulent- normal growth rate

virulence is controlled by gene expression during infections

28
Q

mycotoxins

A

released into environment and act as allergens
cause granuloma disease
no classic exotoxins produced in vivo

29
Q

melanin virulence

A

interferes with oxidative killing by neutrophils or macrophages

30
Q

fungal infections are associated with?

A

immunocompromised patients bc we normally have high level of innate immunity and T cell mediated immunity *

31
Q

patient with severe systemic fungal diseases havE?

A

neutropenia
depressed THI response– deficiency in neutrophils and t cell mediated immunity

(abs don’t help to this immunity)

32
Q

laboratory diagnosis of fungi

A

KOH
PAS
Giemsa
Nigrosin stain

33
Q

KOH

A 
# 1 used- quick and inexpensive (50% accurate)
human tissue elements are dissolved, leaving only fungal elements- conidia or hyphae
34
Q

PAS stain

A

Periodic Acid Schiff stain
stains polysaccharides found in cell walls of mold and yeast (99%)accurate
aldehyde groups bind to basic fuschin and stain fungal elements red

35
Q

giemsa stain

A

used for intracellular structures*

shown inside as blue colored

36
Q

Nigrosin stain

A

used to demonstrate capsules around cells

37
Q

homothallic v heterothallic reproduction

A

homo- cells from same zygomycota colonies engage

heterothallic- cells from two different colonies (+) and (-) engage

38
Q

pseudohyphae

A

long elongated yeast cells

yeast sporulation occurs via budding – produces blastospores*

39
Q

are pathogenic fungi dependent on us?

A

nope

they can grow indefinitely as free living saprophytes

40
Q

are parasitic fungi dependent on us?

A

nope
can grow indefinitely upon non living substrates without any need of intervention of a parasitic cycle in humans/ animals

41
Q

heavy v light exposure in fungal infections

A

heavy exposure- symptoms appear early

light exposure- appearance of symptoms is later , disease is slower and asymptomatic

42
Q

for diagnosis of a fungus which form is best

A

the saprophytic is better than the parasitic

bc the morphology in culture is better than the morphology of tissue

43
Q

s/s of mycoses

A

if uncomplicated fever is low and blood counts aren’t sufficiently consistent and characteristic to be of diagnostic value

44
Q

most common nervous yeast infection?

A

cryptococcus

Microbio II Exam 1 (10 decks)

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