Nematode Infections

Question 1

cutaneous larva migrant caused by

aka

Answer 1

ancylohstoma brazilians and canines

aka creeping eruption

Question 2

epi of cutaneous larva migrant

Answer 2

ancylohstoma brazilians and canin in dogs and cats (definitive hosts)
worldwide

Question 3

life cycle of ancylostoma

Answer 3

adult worms live in cats and dogs
eggs shed in feces
larva hatch and form filariform larvae
these enter skin of humans bc they think we are cats/ dogs

Question 4

which life cycle stage infects humans in ancylostoma>

Answer 4

filariform larvae

Question 5

path ancylostoma

Answer 5

patients develop serpiginous tunners– piratic reddish, the tunnels advance many cm in say
hypersensitive ones develop vesicles and bullae at site of infection

Question 6

dx cutaneous larva migrant

Answer 6

finding larva in tissue biopsy from serpiginous tract

Question 7

tx cutaneous larva migrant

Answer 7

albendazole

if untx larva dies
but it wanders making more lesions

Question 8

visceral larva migrans by>

definitive hosts

Answer 8

toxcara canis and cati (roundworms)

dogs and cats - also transmitted thru puppy placenta

Question 9

how is visceral larva migrant transmitted

Answer 9

toxcara

fecal oral route from animal to humans- unwashed vessels, or eating raw infected tissue of chickens sheep or cattle

Question 10

life cycle of toxcara

Answer 10

adult worms ONLY in dogs and cats- eggs are released in poopy

eges incubate and are eaten by dogs or cats so enter blood stream and go to lungs

coughed up and swallowed

we eat infection eggs

Question 11

human infection with toxcara

Answer 11

we eat infected eggs and they enter blood stream but DON’T develop into adult worms (we are accidental hosts )

Question 12

path of visceral larva migrans (toxcara)

Answer 12

migrating larva produce inflammation hyper eosinophilia rashes fevers immune responses

the damage depends on number of eggs, migration route of larva

Question 13

s/s of visceral larva migrans

Answer 13

fever cough pneumonitis hepatomegaly edema retinal granulomas

Question 14

dx visceral larva migrant

Answer 14

clinical symptoms
exposure
or finding larvae

Question 15

tx visceral larva migrant

Answer 15

ivermectin

Question 16

dirofilariasis caused by?

definitive host
intermediate host
accidental

Answer 16

dirofilaria immitis (dog heart worms)

def host- doggies 
intermediate/ vector - mosquito
accidntal- humans

Question 17

life cycle dirofilariasis

Answer 17

adult worms live in hearts of doggos

microlifaria released into blood stream– picked up by mosquitos

in dogs the larva develop into adult worms
in humans they stay in sub q- DON’T DEVELOP INTO ADULT WORMS

Question 18

Path of dirofilariasis

Answer 18

microfilaria are trapped in skin or lung tissues– and produce allergic reactions resulting in subQ nodules infants and accesses

Question 19

s/s dirofilariasis

Answer 19

coin shaped lesions* in skin lungs

lungs- coughing chest pain and eosinophilia

Question 20

dx dirofilariasis

Answer 20

clinical symptoms, locating coin shaped lesions

finding larva in tissue

Question 21

tx dirofilariasis

Answer 21

sx removal?

Question 22

dracunculiasis caused by?

aka

Answer 22

dracunculus mediensis

guinea worm

Question 23

epi dracunculiasis

definitive host
intermediate host

Answer 23

found in Africa and Asia

human only reservoir / def host

interm- water flea

Question 24

life cycle dracunculiasis

Answer 24

adult worms live in CT of humans
released when they come in contact with water (dirty water)

water flea ingest larvae– from infective form

they ingest dirty water and penetrate the mucosa of the stomach into abdominal cavity to under the skin

Question 25

path dracunculiasis

Answer 25

adult worms release metabolites into CT
produces allergic reaction*

causes inflammatory response – and leukocytes surround the worm

Question 26

ss dracunculiasis

Answer 26

asymptomatic for year

painful blisters, urticaria nausea and booming
ulcers become infected with secondary bacteria

Question 27

dx dracunculiasis

Answer 27

adult female worms extending from subQ releasing larva into water

Question 28

tx dracunculiasis

Answer 28

antibiotics to tx infectoin

stick to slowly wrap the worm!!!!

Question 29

loiasis caused by

Answer 29

loa loa

Question 30

epi of loa loa

definitive host
intermediate host

Answer 30

equatorial africa

human definitive host
intermediate host- deer fly

Question 31

life cycle loa loa

Answer 31

adult worms live in humans, releasing microfilaria into blood streem

deer fly leaps up blood and grabs it— develops into filariform larvae

which then are transmitted to human and go back to sub q

Question 32

infectious to human loa loa

Answer 32

Filariform larvae

Question 33

path loa loa

Answer 33

adult worms are in sub q tissues
release metabolites that produce inflammatory rxn

found under conjunctiva of EYE - can disappear within minutes

Question 34

ss loa loa

Answer 34

fever itchy swellings on body
erythema
urticaria
subcutaneous Calabar swelling*

adult worms- crawling sensation in eye

Question 35

dx loa loa

Answer 35

Calabar* swellings = microfilarria in blood smears and worms in blodo

Question 36

tx loa loa

Answer 36

diethylcarbamaxine tx and prophylaxis

but won’t change damage done

Question 37

onchocerciasis caused by?

aka

Answer 37

onchocerca volvulus

aka river blindness

Question 38

epi onchocerciasis
location
- definitive host
- intermediate host/ vector

Answer 38

Equatorial africa, south central america

def host- humans and monkeys

intermediate host- black flies

Question 39

life cycle onchocerciasis

Answer 39

adult worms live in sub q tissues of humans and they release microfilariae

black flies pick up during blood meal and the larva develop into filariform larva-

and infecte again when the black fly bites another human

Question 40

path onchocerciasis

Answer 40

incubation- years

adult worms produce fibroblastic rxn in subcutaneous tissues

microfilaria can die and become trapped in granuloma in eye

Question 41

dx onchocerciasis

Answer 41

microfilaria seen in nodule biopsies

Mazzoti test- oral dose of diethyl carbamazine produces papular erythematous rxn in affected skin and conjunctival swelling

Question 42

tx onchocerciasis

Answer 42

diethylcarbamaxine