subcultural theories: crime

Question 1

albert cohen’s expansion on merton’s ideas:

Answer 1

those who cannot achieve status form subcultures which they earn from each other

Question 2

cloward and ohlin 1961

Answer 2

illegitimate opportunity theory: those who cannot access opportunities to lead normal lives turn to crime

Question 3

winlow 2001 critique of cloward and ohlin:

Answer 3

violence is a conscious way of making money and attaining status

Question 4

miller 1958:

Answer 4

focal concerns theory: the working class have entirely different values, which leads to the creation of criminal subcultures

Question 5

what are the focal concerns outlined by miller?

Answer 5

autonomy, toughness, excitement, etc

Question 6

what is a spectacular subculture?

Answer 6

a highly visible and identifiable subculture

Question 7

what did phil cohen say in 1972 about working class subcultures?

Answer 7

they need to be understood in relation to capitalism

Question 8

what is a feminist critique of subcultural theories?

Answer 8

they are malestream and ignore the experience of women

Question 9

what did hebdige say about spectacular subcultures?

Answer 9

their unique styling was an expression of desire for status

Question 10

what do interactionists say about subcultures?

Answer 10

they suffer deviance amplification and are over policed

Question 11

how do marxist subcultural theorists critique functionalist subcultural theories?

Answer 11

they fail to address poverty and unemployment and urban deprivation caused by capitalism