social policies on crime Flashcards
what is situational crime prevention?
increasing the risks of crime so that they outweigh potential benefits
what is clarke’s opportunity theory?
people will commit crime if they think it is easy
how many people in the uk have cctv on their home?
1 in 14 people
what are some examples of situational crime prevention?
security systems, cctv, better lighting, personal vigilence
what is environmental crime prevention?
where the environment of a town is maintained to reduce crime. links to broken windows theory
what did van den haag 1975 say about prisons?
prison sentences should be longer and the experience within them harsher. this is a deterrence.
what is murray’s stance on prisons?
argues it is better to have overpopulated prisons than criminals in the streets
what did wilson and kelling say about policing?
the police should maintain visible order via zero tolerance policing
what is zero tolerance policing?
no leniency shown towards any crime despite if minor. this shows the public that they will not escape punishment
what is a real life example of zero tolerance policing working?
new york in the 1990s
what did murray say about the crime rate of the underclass?
stigmatization of the underclass is effective as it pushes them into ‘responsibility’
what did matthews say about prisons?
they are ‘universities of crime’, an expensive way to network criminals
how many prisoners reoffend?
2/3 of prisoners reoffend
what is a critique of zero tolerance policing?
police often discriminate against marginalised groups such as ethnic minorities or homeless. left realists argue how institutional racism and racial profiling is an issue within the police which needs to be reformed
what is a left wing approach to the prevention of crime?
structural issues in society, such as poverty and unemployment, need to be addressed in order to long term prevent crime
what does right wing punishment aim for?
retribution/ deterrence
what does left wing punishment aim for?
rehabilitation
what does braithwaite 1989 say about the labelling of criminals?
there are 2 types of shaming:
-disintegrative shaming
-reintegrative shaming
what is braithwaite’s concept of disintegrative shaming?
criminals are labelled as a bad person, which becomes their master status. this excludes them from wider society
what is braithwaites concept of reintegrative shaming?
where the deviant act of a criminal is shamed rather than their character. this allows the criminal to separate them self from a past crime
what is restorative justice?
where all harmed by a crime join together and move forward positively
uk government research found that rehabilitive programmes decrease reoffending rates by… ?
14%
what did lea and young 1993 say about policing?
the police should be act off community and trust
what is multi agency working?
agencies such as the police, the local council, schools, social services etc coordinate in approach to crimes
