feminism: crime

Question 1

what is malestream criminology?

Answer 1

criminology that ignores the experiences of women in research

Question 2

what is stanko’s view on domestic violence?

Answer 2

the government’s failure to prevent or even recognise domestic violence is a part of subordination of women in a patriarchal society

Question 3

why are womens crimes neglected according to heidensohn?

Answer 3

women commit less serious crimes such as shoplifting more frequently

Question 4

what does heidensohn’s term ‘vicarious identification’ mean?

Answer 4

male sociologists prefer to study exciting or unusual crimes rather than everyday minor crimes, which women dominate

Question 5

how many women receive a jail sentence after their first offence?

Answer 5

34%

Question 6

how many men receive a jail sentence after their first offence?

Answer 6

10%

Question 7

how could you explain 34% of women receiving a jail sentence after first offence compared to only 10% of men?

Answer 7

women are committing a double deviance

Question 8

why did adler argue there was an increased level of female crime in 2000s?

Answer 8

liberation theory: women becoming involved with male dominated spheres. eg ladette culture

Question 9

parsons view on lower female crime rates

Answer 9

women are socialised into being feminine, therefore are less inclined to crime

Question 10

sutherland views on lower female crime rates

Answer 10

women are more likely to be socialised into passive roles, whereas men are more likely to be socialised into aggressive roles. this is reinforced by the media which promotes an ideal woman image which isnt associated with crime

Question 11

what is heidensohn’s reason for lower female crime rates?

Answer 11

social control

Question 12

what are the 3 areas of social control of women outlined by heidensohn?

Answer 12

the home, the public, the workplace

Question 13

what did carlen say about female crime rates?

Answer 13

women commit crime due to failed efforts in the workplace, home, or family. they had been released from social control

Question 14

what 3 reasons for female crime did croall outline?

Answer 14

drug addiction, thrill of crime, consumer culture

Question 15

pollack opinion on female crime rates?

Answer 15

statistics reflect judicial leniency. domestic roles allow crime to remain hidden. women are used to deceiving men

Question 16

what did smart say the reason for lower female crime rates was?

Answer 16

differences in parental control

Question 17

what did gelsthorpe argue about crime rates?

Answer 17

there has not been a rise in female criminality, just harsher sentencing and loss of chivalry

Question 18

what did procek say about female crime?

Answer 18

women are more likely to act on psychological issues, or be linked to hormones

Question 19

define messerschmidt’s term ‘normative masculinity’

Answer 19

males who cannot express their power through work express it through violence at home or in the street

Question 20

what are messerschmidt’s 2 types of masculinity?

Answer 20

accomodating masculinity and oppositional masculinity

Question 21

katz postmodern view on crime

Answer 21

people commit crime for the thrill. crime offers a break from boredom, leading to a sense of identity created by criminal activity

Question 22

what is lyng’s edgework theory?

Answer 22

exiting the norms and entering deviance is done for the thrill of risk taking.

Question 23

winlow’s view on male criminality

Answer 23

the deindustrialization of working class communities has led to changing views on masculinity

Question 24

criticisms of heidensohn

Answer 24

overgeneralisation of experiences of women. no empirical evidence

Question 25

critiques of feminist views on crime

Answer 25

1. ignoring other aspects which affect crime, eg class or ethnicity
2. over exaggeration of gender importance to crime
3. traditional ideas of socialisation can be seen as outdated now