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ENT > Stuffy nose > Flashcards

Stuffy nose Flashcards

1
Q

What type of sensitivity causes a stuffy nose?

A

IgE mediated type 1 hypersensitivity

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2
Q

What does a mast cell release?

A

Histamine

Leukotrienes

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3
Q

Give an example of a decongestant?

A

Pseudoephedrine

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4
Q

Give an example of an anticholinergic?

A

Ipratropium

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5
Q

Give an example of an anti-histamine?

A

Cetirizine

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of a stuffy nose?

A

Blockage
Loss of smell
Discharge
Facial pain

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7
Q

What are 4 other nasal symptoms?

A

Sneezing
Itch
Crusting
Epistaxis

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8
Q

What are secondary nasal symptoms?

A 
Dry mouth
Sore throat
Snoring
Halitosis
Loss of taste
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9
Q

What should you do in a nasal examination?

A

Check patency of airway
External nose
Rhinoscopy

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10
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Viral upper respiratory tract infection

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11
Q

What can bring on allergic rhinitis?

A

Grass/tree pollen
fungal spores
House dust mite
Cats/dogs

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12
Q

How do you treat nasal polyps?

A

Oral then topical steroids

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13
Q

What are nasal polys often associated with?

A

Non-allergic asthma

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14
Q

What symptoms are there with acute infective rhinosinusitis?

A

facial pain
Discharge
nasal blockage

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15
Q

How do you treat acute infective rhinosinusitis?

A

Analgesics and decongestants

Antibiotics if persistent

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16
Q

What is intermittent infective rhinitis?

A

Hayfever

17
Q

What is in the upper third of the nasal pyramid?

A

Bony vault

18
Q

What is in the middle third of the nasal pyramid?

A

cartilage vault

19
Q

What is in the lower third of the nasal pyramid?

A

Cartilage vault

20
Q

What might unilateral discharge be a sign of in children?

A

Foreign body - refer urgently

21
Q

What might unilateral discharge in an adult be a sign of?

A

Nasal or paranasal tumour - refer urgently

22
Q

What is a potential complication of sinusitis?

A

Orbital cellulitis - emergency referal

ENT (11 decks)

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