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ENT > Adenotonsillar disease and Otitis media with effusion > Flashcards

Adenotonsillar disease and Otitis media with effusion Flashcards

1
Q

what is Waldeyer’s Ring?

A

Lymphoid aggregation in the subepithelial layer of oropharynx and nasopharynx

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2
Q

What is the Waldeyer’s ring comprised of?

A

Tonsils (palatine tonsil)
Adenoids (Pharyngeal tonsil)
Lingual tonsil

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3
Q

What are the posterior tonsillar pillars?

A

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus

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4
Q

What cell type makes up the tonsils?

A

Specialized squamous

Deep crypts and lymphoid follicles are also present

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5
Q

Describe the upper aerodigestive

A

Ciliated columnar respiratory type mucosa

Squamous ep.

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6
Q

What is adenotonsilitis?

A

Acute tonsillitis

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7
Q

What can cause tonsiliis

A

EBV
Rhinovirus,influenza,
parainfluenza, enterovirus
adenovirus

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8
Q

Why is GABHS important in tonsillitis?

A

Potential of sequelea

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9
Q

Should you throat swab with tonsillitis?

A

No

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10
Q

What organisms can cause tonsillitis?

A

Strep. pyogenes - alpha
H. influenza
Staph. aureus
Strep. pneumonia

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11
Q

What are tonsillitis symptoms?

A

Malaise
Sore throat
temp

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12
Q

How do you treat tonsillitis?

A 
Fluids
Rest
Analgesia
Antibiotics if organism
Potential surgery
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13
Q

What is a potential complication of acute tonsillitis?

A

Peritonsilar abscess

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14
Q

What is a peritonsilar abscess?

A

bacteria between muscle and tonsil produce pus.
Medial displacement of tonsil and uvula
Loss of palate concavity

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15
Q

How do you treat a peritonsilar abscess?

A

Aspiration and antibiotics

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16
Q

What is infectious mononucleosis?

A

Glandular fever

17
Q

What causes mononucleosis?

A

EBV

18
Q

What are signs of Glsndular fever?

A

Gross tonsillar enlargement with membranous exudate
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly

19
Q

How do you diagnose GF?

A

Atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood

CRP

20
Q

How do you treat GF?

A

Supportively

21
Q

What drug should you not prescribe with GF?

A

Ampicillin

22
Q

What should you not give for tonsillitis?

A

Amoxicillin

23
Q

What are signs of adenoid hyperplasia?

A

Obligate mouth breathing
Hyponasal voice
Snoring
AOM/OME

24
Q

What are signs of tonsil hyperplasia?

A

Snoring
Muffled voice
Potential dysphagia

25
Q

What is glue ear?

A

Inflam of middle ear with fluid build up without symptoms/signs of acute inflammation

26
Q

What are some eitiologies of OME?

A

recurrent URTI/AOM
Prematurity
Household smoking
Allergy

27
Q

What are signs of glue ear?

A

TM retraction
Reduced TM mobility
Altered TM colour
Visible fluid/bubbles

28
Q

What is bad OME?

A

Persistent for 3/12 with:
deafness
speech
Balance

29
Q

What surgery can help with OME?

A

Grommet insertion

Adenoidectomy

30
Q

When would you consider removing the adenoids?

A

After 3 years at second intervention

31
Q

What are complications of grommets?

A 
infection 
Early extrusion
retention
perforation
bathing issues

ENT (11 decks)

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