stuffy nose Flashcards

1
Q

give an example of a decongestant

A

pseudoephedrine

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2
Q

give an example of an anticholinergic

A

ipratropium

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3
Q

give an example of a LTR blocker

A

montelukast

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4
Q

give an example of a topical corticosteroid

A

beclometasone

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5
Q

core nasal symptoms

A
  • blockage
  • loss of smell
  • discharge
  • facial pain
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6
Q

other nasal symptoms

A
  • sneezing
  • itch
  • crusting
  • epistaxis
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7
Q

secondary symptoms of stuffy nose

A
  • dry mouth
  • sore throat
  • snoring
  • halitosis
  • loss of taste
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8
Q

nasal examination

A
  • airway patency
  • external nose
  • rhinoscopy
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9
Q

infective cause of rhinitis

A

viral upper respiratory tract infection

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10
Q

non infective causes of rhinitis

A
  • allergic

- non-allergic

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11
Q

persistent forms of allergic rhinitis

A
  • house dust mite
  • cat
  • dog
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12
Q

intermittent allergic rhinitis

A
  • grass pollen
  • tree pollen
  • fungal spores
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13
Q

what are nasal polyps associated with

A

non-allergic asthma

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14
Q

treatment for nasal polyps

A

topical steroids

-if no better then surgery

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15
Q

presentation of acute infective rhinosinusitis

A
  • facial pain
  • discharge
  • nasal blockage
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16
Q

treatment for acute infective rhinosinusitis

A

treat with analgesics and decongestants

-if worse/persisting then antibiotics

17
Q

investigations for allergic rhinitis

A
  • skin prick tests

- RAST (IgE levels)

18
Q

treatment for non-infective rhinitis

A

-allergen/irritant avoidance
-HDM
-change drug therapy
-reduce alcohol etc
if allergic
-topical nasal steroid
-antihistamine
-topical anticholinergic

19
Q

treatment for infective rhinosinusitis

A
  • nasal decongestant
  • analgesia
  • broad spectrum antibiotic if severe
20
Q

complication of acute sinusitis

A

orbital swelling

  • swelling around the eye
  • emergency referral