ENT emergencies Flashcards
1
Q
what do you examine for in nasal trauma
A
- bruising/swelling
- tenderness
- deviation
- epistaxis
- infraorbital sensation
- CNs
2
Q
management for epistaxis if bleeding is not controlled
A
consider arterial ligation
3
Q
systemic treatment of epistaxis
A
- tranexamic acid
- reversal of effect of anticoagulants
- correction of clotting abnormalities
- platelet transfusion
- treatment of hypertension
4
Q
what does a CSF leak mean
A
that the site of fracture may be the cribriform plate
5
Q
name some ear emergencies
A
- pinna haematoma
- ear lacerations
- temporal bone fractures
- sudden sensorineural hearing loss
6
Q
treatment for a pinna haematoma
A
- sub-perichondrial haematoma
- aspriate
- incision and drainage
- pressure dressing
7
Q
management for ear lacerations
A
- debridement
- closure
- reconstruction
- usually LA
- antibiotics for cartilage
8
Q
presentation of a temporal bone fracture
A
- injury mechanism
- hearing loss
- facial palsy
- vertigo
- CSF leak
- associated injuries
9
Q
examination of a temporal bone fracture
A
- bruising behind ear
- condition of TM and ear canal
- VII
- hearing test
10
Q
what are the classifications of temporal bone fractures
A
- longitudinal vs transverse
- otic capsule involved
- otic capsule spared
11
Q
features of a longitudinal fracture
A
- lateral blows
- fracture line parallels the long axis of the petrous pyramid
- bleeding from external canal due to laceration of skin and ear drum
- haemotympanum
- ossicular chain disruption
12
Q
features of a transverse fracture
A
- frontal blows
- fracture at right angles to the long axis of the petrous pyramid
- can cross the internal acoustic meatus causing damage to auditory and facial nerves
- sensorineural hearing loss due to damage to 8th cranial nerve
- facial nerve palsy and vertigo
13
Q
management of temporal bone fractures
A
- often delayed as polytrauma
- may need facial nerve decompression
- may need to manage CSF leak
- may need hearing restoration
14
Q
treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss
A
steroids 1mg/kg and consider intratympanic treatment
15
Q
if a knife perforates the aerodigestive tract what are the associated symptoms
A
- dyspnoea
- hoarseness
- dysphonia
