ear disease Flashcards
is this ear drum normal or abnormal
normal
what is otitis externa
inflammation of the skin of the ear canal
- almost always infective
- bacterial or fungal
causes of otitis externa
- water
- cotton buds
- skin conditions
what is wrong with this ear drum
acute otitis media
what are some forms of chronic otitis media
- otitis media with effusion
- cholesteatoma
- perforation
causes of OME in adults
- rhinosinusitis
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- nasopharyngeal lymphoma
what is wrong with this ear drum
OME
what can cause perforation
- AME
- trauma
- usually heals spontaneously
what is wrong with this ear drum
perforation
what is cholesteatoma
- presence of keratin within middle ear
- erodes surrounding bone
- causes hearing loss, discharge, complications
treatment for cholesteatoma
surgical excision and reconstruction
what is wrong with this ear drum
retraction
what is wrong with this ear drum
cholesteatoma
complications of acute otitis media and cholesteatoma
- medial spread -sensorineural hearing loss/tinnitus/vertigo/facial palsy
- superior spread - brain abscess/meningitis
- posterior spread - venous sinus thrombosis
what is otosclerosis
- abnormal bone growth inside the ear
- causes gradual onset conductive hearing loss
who gets otosclerosis
women
-progresses rapidly in pregnant women
treatment of otosclerosis
first line - hearing aids
if not hearing aids - correction by stapedectomy
what is presbycusis
age related hearing loss
-gradual loss of hearing in both ears
what does this show
presbycusis
what is a vestibular shwannoma
benign tumour arising in internal auditory meatus
presentation of vestibular shwannoma
- asymmetrical hearing loss
- tinnitus in one side
- imbalance
diagnosis of vestibular shwannoma
MRI
symptoms of a skull fracture
- hearing loss (conductive and senorineural)
- facial palsy
- CSF leak
cardiovascular contributions to balance
- arrythmias
- postural
- hypotension
visual contributions to balace
- cataracts
- DM
dizzy rolling over in bed
BPPV
first attack of dizziness severe, lasting hours with nausea and vomiting
vestibular neuritis
light sensitive during the dizzy spells?
vestibular neuritis
causes of BPPV
- head trauma
- ear surgery
- idiopathic
diagnosis of BPPV
dix hallpike
treatment of BPPV
epley
what is the commonest cause of vertigo on looking up
BPPV
what is vestibular neuronitis/labyrinthitis
prolonged vertigo (days)
presentation of labyrinthitis
associated tinnitus or hearing loss with prolongedd vertigo
where are vestibular shwannomas found
VIII nerve sheath
what does this audiogram show
NIHL
-noise induced hearing loss
