ear disease

Question 1

is this ear drum normal or abnormal

Answer 1

normal

Question 2

what is otitis externa

Answer 2

inflammation of the skin of the ear canal

• almost always infective
• bacterial or fungal

Question 3

causes of otitis externa

Answer 3

• water
• cotton buds
• skin conditions

Question 4

what is wrong with this ear drum

Answer 4

acute otitis media

Question 5

what are some forms of chronic otitis media

Answer 5

• otitis media with effusion
• cholesteatoma
• perforation

Question 6

causes of OME in adults

Answer 6

• rhinosinusitis
• nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• nasopharyngeal lymphoma

Question 7

what is wrong with this ear drum

Answer 7

OME

Question 8

what can cause perforation

Answer 8

• AME
• trauma
• usually heals spontaneously

Question 9

what is wrong with this ear drum

Answer 9

perforation

Question 10

what is cholesteatoma

Answer 10

• presence of keratin within middle ear
• erodes surrounding bone
• causes hearing loss, discharge, complications

Question 11

treatment for cholesteatoma

Answer 11

surgical excision and reconstruction

Question 12

what is wrong with this ear drum

Answer 12

retraction

Question 13

what is wrong with this ear drum

Answer 13

cholesteatoma

Question 14

complications of acute otitis media and cholesteatoma

Answer 14

• medial spread -sensorineural hearing loss/tinnitus/vertigo/facial palsy
• superior spread - brain abscess/meningitis
• posterior spread - venous sinus thrombosis

Question 15

what is otosclerosis

Answer 15

• abnormal bone growth inside the ear

- causes gradual onset conductive hearing loss

Question 16

who gets otosclerosis

Answer 16

women

-progresses rapidly in pregnant women

Question 17

treatment of otosclerosis

Answer 17

first line - hearing aids

if not hearing aids - correction by stapedectomy

Question 18

what is presbycusis

Answer 18

age related hearing loss

-gradual loss of hearing in both ears

Question 19

what does this show

Answer 19

presbycusis

Question 20

what is a vestibular shwannoma

Answer 20

benign tumour arising in internal auditory meatus

Question 21

presentation of vestibular shwannoma

Answer 21

• asymmetrical hearing loss
• tinnitus in one side
• imbalance

Question 22

diagnosis of vestibular shwannoma

Answer 22

MRI

Question 23

symptoms of a skull fracture

Answer 23

• hearing loss (conductive and senorineural)
• facial palsy
• CSF leak

Question 24

cardiovascular contributions to balance

Answer 24

• arrythmias
• postural
• hypotension

Question 25

visual contributions to balace

Answer 25

• cataracts

- DM

Question 26

dizzy rolling over in bed

Answer 26

BPPV

Question 27

first attack of dizziness severe, lasting hours with nausea and vomiting

Answer 27

vestibular neuritis

Question 28

light sensitive during the dizzy spells?

Answer 28

vestibular neuritis

Question 29

causes of BPPV

Answer 29

• head trauma
• ear surgery
• idiopathic

Question 30

diagnosis of BPPV

Answer 30

dix hallpike

Question 31

treatment of BPPV

Answer 31

epley

Question 32

what is the commonest cause of vertigo on looking up

Answer 32

BPPV

Question 33

what is vestibular neuronitis/labyrinthitis

Answer 33

prolonged vertigo (days)

Question 34

presentation of labyrinthitis

Answer 34

associated tinnitus or hearing loss with prolongedd vertigo

Question 35

where are vestibular shwannomas found

Answer 35

VIII nerve sheath

Question 36

what does this audiogram show

Answer 36

NIHL

-noise induced hearing loss