airway obstruction Flashcards
1
Q
special features of anatomy in a child
A
- large head
- small nares
- neonate only breath through nose
- big tongue
- small, soft larynx
- higher position
- weak neck muscles
- narrow subglottis
2
Q
causes of airway obstruction
A
- inflammatory/infective/allergy
- foreign bodies
- physical compression/invasion of airway
- trauma/iatrogenic trauma
- neurological causes
- neoplastic causes
- burn
- congenital airway pathology
3
Q
symptoms of airway obstruction
A
- SOB on exertion
- SOB at rest
- coughing
- choking
- inability to complete a sentence
- sternal/subcostal recession
- tracheal tug
- dusky skin colour
- dysphagia
- dysphonia
- cyanosis
4
Q
what is stridor
A
high pitched harsh noise due to turbulent airflow resulting from obstructions
5
Q
what is stertor
A
low pitched sonorous sound arising from nasopharyngeal airway
6
Q
management of respiratory distress
A
- ABC resus
- oxygen
- heliox
- steroid
- adrenaline
- flexible fibre-optic endoscopy
- secure airway with ET tube/tracheostomy
- treat underlying pathology
