Stuff you GOT to get down for the Final Flashcards
Ag ion
Ag⁺
Cd ion
Cd²⁺
Zn ion
Zn²⁺
define isoelectric
2 atoms w/ same charge
def isotopic
2 atoms w/ same # neutrons
how to write the transition metal orbitals
the 4s is filled before 4d, but written after
Alcohol extra group & expanded structure
OH w/ C
…..H…..H
H–C—-C—OH
…..H…..H
ether extra group & expanded structure
O connected to C on both sides
CH₃CH₂ – O – CH₂CH₃
carbonyl extra group & expanded structure
C center, double bond w/ O
….O
…..||
—C—
aldehyde extra group & expanded structure
carbonyl C & 1+ H
………..O
…………||
H₃C—C—H
ketone extra group & expanded structure
carbonyl connected to 2 C atoms; no H
…….O
……..||
C—C—C
Carboxylic acid extra group & expanded structure
carbonyl + OH
….O
…..||
—C— OH
Ester extra group & expanded structure
carbonyl + ether
….O
…..||
—C—O–C
Amine extra group & expanded structure
the double bond is on the 2nd C in the chain of 5
Prefixes 1-5 for organic comp naming and what the numbers name
1 - meth 2 - eth 3 - prop 4 - but 5 - pent refer to the # of C's in the mol
how to name hydrates (like MgSO₄ ⋅ 7H₂O)
1) Name ion: Magnesium Sulfate
2) Take cov comp prefix & “hydrate:” Heptahydrate
= “Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate”
3 rules for naming acids
ion ending in ide = hydro–ic acid
ion ending in ate = -ic acid
ion ending in ite = -ous acid
define alkene, alkane, and alkyne
alkane = single C bonds, org comp ends in "ane" alkene = 1+ double C bond, org comp ends in "ene" alkyne = 1+ triple C bond, org comp ends in "yne"
formula for chem alkane comp
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
formula for chem cyclo-comp
CₙH₂ₙ
how to calculate % yield questions
1) find theoretical yield in g of product from amt of reactant thru stoichiometry
2) % yield = 100 * actual/theoretical
how to determine limiting reactant
use stoichio to take # mol of 1 reactant to find out how much mol of the other reactant must be used.
If your result > than the existing mol of the other reactant, then that other reactant is limiting
sTePs To ThE sCiEnTiFiC mEtHoD (since APPARENTLY you don’t get it yet)
1) observe/experiment
2) find trends
3) make hypothesis
4) test/try to disprove hypothesis
5) make theory after disproving fails
define H bonding
when H is attracted to elecneg atoms
what is the difference between sigma & pi bonding
sigma = overlap on I.N. axis (head-on) pi = overlap on sides
Graham’s Law of Effusion
The lighter a gas’s atomic weight, the faster it will escape a container.
Bomb Calorimeter
An insulated container used to study reactions at a constant volume.
Calorimeter Constant
Amt E required to raise the water surrounding the chamber of the bomb calorimeter by one °C
Gas—>solid
deposition
liquid —> gas
vaporization
What did Thompson propose?
e⁻ = distributed evenly through a homogenous sphere of + charge. (plum pudding model)
What did Rutherford propose?
- charged e⁻ = distributed around + charged nucleus.
HOW TO TELL IF SMTH IS IONIC OR NOT (bc apparently you keep FORGETTING)
IF ITS A METAL AND A NONMETAL
THATS IT
4 soluble things
- alkali metals
- NH₄⁺
- NO₃⁻
- C₂H₃O₂⁻
name the unit prefixes from -6 to -15
micro
nano
pico
femto
name the unit prefixes from 6 to 12
mega
giga
terra
Law of definite porportions
% mass of elements in a compound = constant
law of multiple proportions
if 2 els form 1+ comp, then ratio of el A mass combining with 1 g of el B is in small whole number ratios.
