Stuff you GOT to get down for the Final

Question 1

Ag ion

Answer 1

Ag⁺

Question 2

Cd ion

Answer 2

Cd²⁺

Question 3

Zn ion

Answer 3

Zn²⁺

Question 4

define isoelectric

Answer 4

2 atoms w/ same charge

Question 5

def isotopic

Answer 5

2 atoms w/ same # neutrons

Question 6

how to write the transition metal orbitals

Answer 6

the 4s is filled before 4d, but written after

Question 7

Alcohol extra group & expanded structure

Answer 7

OH w/ C
…..H…..H
H–C—-C—OH
…..H…..H

Question 8

ether extra group & expanded structure

Answer 8

O connected to C on both sides

CH₃CH₂ – O – CH₂CH₃

Question 9

carbonyl extra group & expanded structure

Answer 9

C center, double bond w/ O
….O
…..||
—C—

Question 10

aldehyde extra group & expanded structure

Answer 10

carbonyl C & 1+ H
………..O
…………||
H₃C—C—H

Question 11

ketone extra group & expanded structure

Answer 11

carbonyl connected to 2 C atoms; no H
…….O
……..||
C—C—C

Question 12

Carboxylic acid extra group & expanded structure

Answer 12

carbonyl + OH
….O
…..||
—C— OH

Question 13

Ester extra group & expanded structure

Answer 13

carbonyl + ether
….O
…..||
—C—O–C

Question 14

Amine extra group & expanded structure

Answer 14

the double bond is on the 2nd C in the chain of 5

Question 15

Prefixes 1-5 for organic comp naming and what the numbers name

Answer 15

1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent
refer to the # of C's in the mol

Question 16

how to name hydrates (like MgSO₄ ⋅ 7H₂O)

Answer 16

1) Name ion: Magnesium Sulfate
2) Take cov comp prefix & “hydrate:” Heptahydrate

= “Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate”

Question 17

3 rules for naming acids

Answer 17

ion ending in ide = hydro–ic acid
ion ending in ate = -ic acid
ion ending in ite = -ous acid

Question 18

define alkene, alkane, and alkyne

Answer 18

alkane = single C bonds, org comp ends in "ane"
alkene = 1+ double C bond, org comp ends in "ene"
alkyne = 1+ triple C bond, org comp ends in "yne"

Question 19

formula for chem alkane comp

Answer 19

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

Question 20

formula for chem cyclo-comp

Answer 20

CₙH₂ₙ

Question 21

how to calculate % yield questions

Answer 21

1) find theoretical yield in g of product from amt of reactant thru stoichiometry
2) % yield = 100 * actual/theoretical

Question 22

how to determine limiting reactant

Answer 22

use stoichio to take # mol of 1 reactant to find out how much mol of the other reactant must be used.
If your result > than the existing mol of the other reactant, then that other reactant is limiting

Question 23

sTePs To ThE sCiEnTiFiC mEtHoD (since APPARENTLY you don’t get it yet)

Answer 23

1) observe/experiment
2) find trends
3) make hypothesis
4) test/try to disprove hypothesis
5) make theory after disproving fails

Question 24

define H bonding

Answer 24

when H is attracted to elecneg atoms

Question 25

what is the difference between sigma & pi bonding

Answer 25

sigma = overlap on I.N. axis (head-on)
pi = overlap on sides

Question 26

Graham’s Law of Effusion

Answer 26

The lighter a gas’s atomic weight, the faster it will escape a container.

Question 27

Bomb Calorimeter

Answer 27

An insulated container used to study reactions at a constant volume.

Question 28

Calorimeter Constant

Answer 28

Amt E required to raise the water surrounding the chamber of the bomb calorimeter by one °C

Question 29

Gas—>solid

Answer 29

deposition

Question 30

liquid —> gas

Answer 30

vaporization

Question 31

What did Thompson propose?

Answer 31

e⁻ = distributed evenly through a homogenous sphere of + charge. (plum pudding model)

Question 32

What did Rutherford propose?

Answer 32

• charged e⁻ = distributed around + charged nucleus.

Question 33

HOW TO TELL IF SMTH IS IONIC OR NOT (bc apparently you keep FORGETTING)

Answer 33

IF ITS A METAL AND A NONMETAL

THATS IT

Question 34

4 soluble things

Answer 34

• alkali metals
• NH₄⁺
• NO₃⁻
• C₂H₃O₂⁻

Question 35

name the unit prefixes from -6 to -15

Answer 35

micro
nano
pico
femto

Question 36

name the unit prefixes from 6 to 12

Answer 36

mega
giga
terra

Question 37

Law of definite porportions

Answer 37

% mass of elements in a compound = constant

Question 38

law of multiple proportions

Answer 38

if 2 els form 1+ comp, then ratio of el A mass combining with 1 g of el B is in small whole number ratios.