Chapter 10 & 11 Flashcards
gas symbol for mol
n
4 units of pressure
atm (atmosphere)
Torr
mm Hg
in. Hg
exact conversions between the pressure units
1 atm = 760 Torr = 760 mm Hg
What formula describes the relation between the V & # n in gas sample @ constant P & T?
Avogadro’s Law; V₁/n₁ = c = V₂/n₂
def diffusion & its 2 rules
Graham’s Law of Diffusion: diffusion = high-concentrate gas spreads throughout container
increases w/ T & Avg. Kinetic E
smaller mol = higher velocity & faster spread
Def Charles’ Law
The V of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute T @ constant P and # n, or:
V₁/T₁ = c = V₂/T₂
Def Boyle’s Law
P of a gas is inversely proportional to V when T & n of gas = constant.
P = c(1/v)
Or V₁P₁ = c = V₂P₂
Def Ideal Gas Law
PV = nRT R = gas constant
what is the annotation & value of the standard temp & pressure for gases?
Tₛₜₚ = 0°C = 273.15 K Pₛₜₚ = 1 atm = 760 Torr = 760 mm Hg
combined gas law
(P₁V₁)/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂, ONLY IF N IS CONSTANT
IT COMES FROM THE IDEAL GAS LAW TOO OK
formula for density of gases
PM/RT
R = gas constant
M = molar mass of gas
def Dalton’s law of partial pressures
In a gas mix of O₂, N₂, & He₂
Pₐₗₗ ₑₗₑₘₑₙₜₛ = Pₕₑ + Pₙ₂ + Pₒ₂
formula of χₑₗₑₘₑₙₜ
nₑₗₑₘₑₙₜ/nₐₗₗ ₑₗₑₘₑₙₜₛ
2 formulas for partial pressure
Pₑₗ. = χₑₗ. * Pₐₗₗ ₑₗ.ₛ = (nₑₗ./nₐₗₗ ₑₗ.ₛ) * Pₐₗₗ ₑₗ.ₛ Pₑₗ.V = nₑₗ.RT
formula for gas speed in kinetic energy
Kinetic E = ½mass*velocity²
formula for gas speed in avg kinetic E
avg Kinetic E = ½mass*rms velocity²
what makes mols at the same temperature have different kinetic E?
nothing does. They all have the same KE @ the same temp, even if they are different elements & masses
formula relating mol mass of a gas to its rate of effusion
effusion rate A/effusion rate B = √M₈/√Mₐ
2 steps to solving the gases from water problems
1) subtract the pressure of the water from the total pressure
2) use the result in the idea gas eqn
compared to the container V, what is the gas V?
0
do gases have intermol forces
no
how do gas mols transfer E
through collisions; mols colliding more frequently w/ walls leads to more P
