Chapter II Part 2 - Nomenclature Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of ions

A
  • cat/anionic (met-nonmet)

- polyatomic (comps w/ charge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how to name ionic compounds w/ fixed neutral charge

KFl

A

no prefixes, bc it’s always in a ratio
last term “-ide”
“Potassium fluoride”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 types of cov bonds & alt name for “covalent” bonds

A
  • nonmet
  • nonmet & metalloid
    “molecular bonds”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

prefixes for cov bonds up to 10

A
mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octo
nona
deca
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do cov bonds end (CO₂)

A

“-ide”

“carbon di-ox-ide”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what charge ion comes first when naming a fixed charge compound (with lithium and flouride)

A

the positive charge

lithium + fluoride –> LiFl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how to name variable charge ions (Fe2+ & Fe3+)

A

roman numerals = ion charge
Fe2+ –> Iron (II) ion
Fe3+ –> Iron (III) ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Difference between ion & covalent comp ratios

A

Ion ratios = reduced to lowest form, bc in lattice

Covalent ratios = not reduced, bc different ratios make different molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define hydrate

A

ion comps bonding to a certain # of water molecules in a crystal lattice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 steps to name hydrates (ex. MgSO₄ ⋅ 7H₂O)

A

1) Name the ion (“magnesium sulfate”)
2) Take the cov comp prefix that matches the # of molecules of water, & put “hydrate” @ end:
“magnesium sulfate heptahydrate”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how to write form for hydrates (ex. “magnesium sulfate heptahydrate”)

A

1) Write out ion & corresponding # of water molecules
2) Put operator dot between them:
- -> MgSO₄ ⋅ 7H₂O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Arrhenius acid

A

compound forming H⁺ hydrogen ions when put in a solution (of water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 symbols to use when writing acid reactions

A
g = gas
l = liquid 
s = solid
aq = aqueous (in water)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how to start naming an acid

A

separate the ion from the H+ one, and look at the name of the ion you have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how to name an acid if the ion it forms after H⁺ separation, ends in “-ide”

A

hydro - (ion) - ic acid
“hydrochloric acid”
(chloride ion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how to name an acid if the ion it forms after H⁺ separation, ends in “-ate”

A

(ion) - ic acid
“sulfuric acid”
(sulfate ion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how to name an acid if the ion it forms after H⁺ separation, ends in “-ite”

A

(ion) - ous acid
“sulfurous acid”
(sulfite ion)

18
Q

what are all 4 names for that wack compound

A

acetic acid
vinegar
CH₃COOH
HC₂H₃O₂

19
Q

what 2 elements use the whole element name in an acid

A

sulfur & phosphorus

20
Q

what makes up an organic compound

A

most C & H, also other nonmetals

21
Q

3 types of organic hydrocarbons

A

alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

22
Q

alkanes x 3

A
  • single C bonds
  • usually to 4 other atoms
  • end names of comps w/ “-ane”
23
Q

alkenes x 2

A
  • 1+ double C bond

- end names of comps w/ “-ene’

24
Q

alkynes x 2

A
  • 1+ triple C bond

- end names of comps w/ “-yne”

25
Q

Prefixes for organic comps, 1-10

A
meth-
eth-
prop-
but-
pent-
6-10 are same as for cov comps
26
Q

what are the 3 forms you write organic comps in

A
  • chemical formula
  • condensed chem formula (structure form in letters & w/o bond lines ig)
  • expanded-structure form (like how dr. white had you draw)
27
Q

formula for alkane chem forms

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

28
Q

define cyclo-comps

A

organic comps w/ c-bonds arranged in a circle

29
Q

formula for cyclo-comp chem forms

A

CₙH₂ₙ

30
Q

Q. How to write chem form, expand-structure form, & condensed form for smth like propane

A

1) see propane prefix = “prop” = 3, so 3 C’s in the bond
2) see propane suffix = “ane” = alkane = single bonds from c
3) So for structure, put 3 C’s together in the bond, & connect them to each other, & enough H’s to fill the holes
4) Condensed: take each C & add up each H connected to it, to get bond (CH₃CH₂CH₃ in this case)
5) Chem form: just simplify the condensed form (so C₃H₈ here)

31
Q

def Functional groups x 3

A
  • aka “substituent” groups
  • atom(s) replacing H in organic comp
  • used to classify organic comps
32
Q

Alcohol extra group & expanded structure

A

OH w/ C
…..H…..H
H–C—-C—OH
…..H…..H

33
Q

ether extra group & expanded structure

A

O connected to C on both sides

CH₃CH₂ – O – CH₂CH₃

34
Q

carbonyl extra group & expanded structure

A

C center, double bond w/ O
….O
…..||
—C—

35
Q

aldehyde extra group & expanded structure

A

carbonyl C & 1+ H
………..O
…………||
H₃C—C—H

36
Q

ketone extra group & expanded structure

A

carbonyl connected to 2 C atoms; no H
…….O
……..||
C—C—C

37
Q

Carboxylic acid extra group & expanded structure

A

carbonyl + OH
….O
…..||
—C— OH

38
Q

Ester extra group & expanded structure

A

carbonyl + ether
….O
…..||
—C—O–C

39
Q

Amine extra group & expanded structure

A

has N

C - NH₂

40
Q

what does 2-butene mean

A

the double bond is on the 2nd C in the chain of 5