Chapter I Flashcards

1
Q

how many SF do exact #’s have

A

infinite

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2
Q

for multiplication/division, answer has _____ for sig figs/LSP

A

has same # of SF as least precise factor

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3
Q

for addition/subtraction, answer has _____ for sig figs/LSP

A

has same LSP as factor w/ furthest-left one; nothing to do w/ sig figs

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4
Q

when calculating something that uses a mix of the 4 operations, how do you show your work (3 things)

A
  • do add/sub 1st, mult/div 2nd
  • do not round the # until the final answer, but still keep track of the # of sig figs & LSP
  • show answer that calc gave as well as the final rounded answer
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5
Q

1 Terameter equation

A

1 Tm = 1 x 10¹² m

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6
Q

1 Gigameter equation

A

1 Gm = 1 x 10⁹ m

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7
Q

1 Megameter equation

A

1 Mm = 1 x 10⁶ m

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8
Q

1 Decimeter equation

A

1 dm = 1 x 10⁻¹ m

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9
Q

1 Micrometer equation

A

1 µm = 1 x 10⁻⁶ m

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10
Q

1 Nanometer equation

A

1 nm = 1 x 10⁻⁹ m

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11
Q

1 Picometer equation

A

1 pm = 1 x 10⁻¹² m

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12
Q

1 Femtometer equation

A

1 fm = 1 x 10⁻¹⁵

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13
Q

conversions aren’t exact #’s, T or F

A

F

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14
Q

3 things about density

A
  • D = m/v
  • take m & v from the same sample
  • use pipet/grad cylinder for liquid v
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15
Q

3 steps to show calculations w/ conversions

A

1) show the original equation you use
2) show the equation w/ #’s subbed in
3) show ans w/ proper sig figs & units

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16
Q

def accuracy

A

close to correct value

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17
Q

def precision

A

close to other results

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18
Q

conversion from K to °C

A

Tₖ = T°꜀ + 273.15

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19
Q

conversion from °F to °C

A

T°բ = 1.8(T°꜀) + 32

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20
Q

3 ways to separate mixtures

A
  • Decant (pour liquid off sediment)
  • Filtration
  • Distillation (boiling)
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21
Q

def intensive - 3 things

A
  • physical prop
  • doesn’t dep on amt of subst there
  • used to ID subst
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22
Q

def extensive - 3 things

A
  • physical prop
  • does dep. on amt of subst there
  • like mass, vol, heat content
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23
Q

what does a chem form show

A

compound, like H2O

24
Q

what does a chem equation show

A

a reaction

25
Q

2 defs of energy

A

capacity to work/transfer heat

26
Q

equation for work

A

force x distance

27
Q

what type of energy do chem bonds have

A

potential

28
Q

3 energy abbv

A
Joule = J
calorie = cal
kilocalorie = Cal (food calorie)
29
Q

conversion from cal to Cal

A

1000 cal = 1 kcal

30
Q
time abbv for:
second
minute
days
hours
years
months
millisecond
microsecond
nanosecond
A
s.
min.
days
hr.
yr.
months
ms
µs
ns
31
Q

mass abbv for:
pounds
tons

A

lbs.

tons

32
Q

temp abbv for:
celsius
fahrenheit
absolute 0

A

°C
°F
Ø K

33
Q
length abbv for:
inch
centimeters
kilometers
feet
yard
mile
millimeter
micrometer
meter
A
in.
cm
km
ft.
yd.
mile
mm
µm
m
34
Q
volume abbv for:
cubic centimeter
gallon
pint
quart
A

cm³ or cc

all those are the words

35
Q
6 SI units + the 3 we use in chem class
length
mass
time
temp
substance amt
elec current
A
m in real, cm in class
kg in real, g in class
s
K in real, °C in class
mol
ampere
36
Q

when to use sci notation for small #’s

A

more than 3 0’s in # (0.0003 - use it)

37
Q

when to use sci notation for big #’s

A

more than 4 0’s in # (30000 - use it)

38
Q

what multiplication symbol to use for scientific not

A

x, not * or ⋅

39
Q

how to show multiplication outside of scientific not

A

() or *, not ⋅ or x

40
Q

if there is a decimal @ the end of a # to put in sci not, like 3700., how do you write it?

A

include the 0’s: it turns into 3.700 x 10³

41
Q

what is the error bar if untold

A

± a unit of the #’s LSP (for 3700, error bar = ± 100)

42
Q

you can use fractions in science, T or F

A

F

43
Q

2 points about estimating digits when measuring w/ a ruler

A
  • the last digit of the recorded measurement is estimated

- if the intervals are at 2 cm, divide them into 20 places to get the estimated digit

44
Q

4 steps to scientific approach

A

1) observe/experiment; find laws (patterns) in data
2) list hypotheses; test each w/ a new observation to disprove them (can’t prove)
3) summarize patterns, results, what it supports/doesn’t
* 4) much testing -> hard-to-disprove theory

45
Q

def matter

A

has vol & mass

46
Q

def atoms

A

smallest element unit; smash it & it’s no longer one of the elements

47
Q

def compound

A

2+ atoms w/ physically unbreakable bond

48
Q

def molecule

A

compounds existing individually; covalent

49
Q

def bond

A

atoms’ attraction in a compound

50
Q

def pure substance

A

pure element/comp (but we only ever say “pure subst”)

51
Q

def mixtures

A

physically separable

52
Q

2 types of solids

A

crystalline & amorphous

53
Q

conversion between in & cm

A

1 in. = 2.54 cm

54
Q

1 gal = how many L

A

3.785

55
Q

3 things to write on test when calculating dimensional analysis

A

1) the conversion factors between the unit had & the unit wanted
2) write the conversion factors as 2 equal fractions (like 12in/ft = ft/12in)
3) Write it all on a line and put it through the calculator

56
Q

Define chem property

A

the way a substance can change or react to form another substance