Chapter I

Question 1

how many SF do exact #’s have

Answer 1

infinite

Question 2

for multiplication/division, answer has _____ for sig figs/LSP

Answer 2

has same # of SF as least precise factor

Question 3

for addition/subtraction, answer has _____ for sig figs/LSP

Answer 3

has same LSP as factor w/ furthest-left one; nothing to do w/ sig figs

Question 4

when calculating something that uses a mix of the 4 operations, how do you show your work (3 things)

Answer 4

• do add/sub 1st, mult/div 2nd
• do not round the # until the final answer, but still keep track of the # of sig figs & LSP
• show answer that calc gave as well as the final rounded answer

Question 5

1 Terameter equation

Answer 5

1 Tm = 1 x 10¹² m

Question 6

1 Gigameter equation

Answer 6

1 Gm = 1 x 10⁹ m

Question 7

1 Megameter equation

Answer 7

1 Mm = 1 x 10⁶ m

Question 8

1 Decimeter equation

Answer 8

1 dm = 1 x 10⁻¹ m

Question 9

1 Micrometer equation

Answer 9

1 µm = 1 x 10⁻⁶ m

Question 10

1 Nanometer equation

Answer 10

1 nm = 1 x 10⁻⁹ m

Question 11

1 Picometer equation

Answer 11

1 pm = 1 x 10⁻¹² m

Question 12

1 Femtometer equation

Answer 12

1 fm = 1 x 10⁻¹⁵

Question 13

conversions aren’t exact #’s, T or F

Answer 13

F

Question 14

3 things about density

Answer 14

• D = m/v
• take m & v from the same sample
• use pipet/grad cylinder for liquid v

Question 15

3 steps to show calculations w/ conversions

Answer 15

1) show the original equation you use
2) show the equation w/ #’s subbed in
3) show ans w/ proper sig figs & units

Question 16

def accuracy

Answer 16

close to correct value

Question 17

def precision

Answer 17

close to other results

Question 18

conversion from K to °C

Answer 18

Tₖ = T°꜀ + 273.15

Question 19

conversion from °F to °C

Answer 19

T°բ = 1.8(T°꜀) + 32

Question 20

3 ways to separate mixtures

Answer 20

• Decant (pour liquid off sediment)
• Filtration
• Distillation (boiling)

Question 21

def intensive - 3 things

Answer 21

• physical prop
• doesn’t dep on amt of subst there
• used to ID subst

Question 22

def extensive - 3 things

Answer 22

• physical prop
• does dep. on amt of subst there
• like mass, vol, heat content

Question 23

what does a chem form show

Answer 23

compound, like H2O

Question 24

what does a chem equation show

Answer 24

a reaction

Question 25

2 defs of energy

Answer 25

capacity to work/transfer heat

Question 26

equation for work

Answer 26

force x distance

Question 27

what type of energy do chem bonds have

Answer 27

potential

Question 28

3 energy abbv

Answer 28

``` Joule = J calorie = cal kilocalorie = Cal (food calorie) ```

Question 29

conversion from cal to Cal

Answer 29

1000 cal = 1 kcal

Question 30

``` time abbv for: second minute days hours years months millisecond microsecond nanosecond ```

Answer 30

``` s. min. days hr. yr. months ms µs ns ```

Question 31

mass abbv for: pounds tons

Answer 31

lbs. | tons

Question 32

temp abbv for: celsius fahrenheit absolute 0

Answer 32

°C °F Ø K

Question 33

``` length abbv for: inch centimeters kilometers feet yard mile millimeter micrometer meter ```

Answer 33

``` in. cm km ft. yd. mile mm µm m ```

Question 34

``` volume abbv for: cubic centimeter gallon pint quart ```

Answer 34

cm³ or cc | all those are the words

Question 35

``` 6 SI units + the 3 we use in chem class length mass time temp substance amt elec current ```

Answer 35

``` m in real, cm in class kg in real, g in class s K in real, °C in class mol ampere ```

Question 36

when to use sci notation for small #'s

Answer 36

more than 3 0's in # (0.0003 - use it)

Question 37

when to use sci notation for big #'s

Answer 37

more than 4 0's in # (30000 - use it)

Question 38

what multiplication symbol to use for scientific not

Answer 38

x, not * or ⋅

Question 39

how to show multiplication outside of scientific not

Answer 39

() or *, not ⋅ or x

Question 40

if there is a decimal @ the end of a # to put in sci not, like 3700., how do you write it?

Answer 40

include the 0's: it turns into 3.700 x 10³

Question 41

what is the error bar if untold

Answer 41

± a unit of the #'s LSP (for 3700, error bar = ± 100)

Question 42

you can use fractions in science, T or F

Answer 42

F

Question 43

2 points about estimating digits when measuring w/ a ruler

Answer 43

- the last digit of the recorded measurement is estimated | - if the intervals are at 2 cm, divide them into 20 places to get the estimated digit

Question 44

4 steps to scientific approach

Answer 44

1) observe/experiment; find laws (patterns) in data 2) list hypotheses; test each w/ a new observation to disprove them (can't prove) 3) summarize patterns, results, what it supports/doesn't * 4) much testing -> hard-to-disprove theory

Question 45

def matter

Answer 45

has vol & mass

Question 46

def atoms

Answer 46

smallest element unit; smash it & it's no longer one of the elements

Question 47

def compound

Answer 47

2+ atoms w/ physically unbreakable bond

Question 48

def molecule

Answer 48

compounds existing individually; covalent

Question 49

def bond

Answer 49

atoms' attraction in a compound

Question 50

def pure substance

Answer 50

pure element/comp (but we only ever say "pure subst")

Question 51

def mixtures

Answer 51

physically separable

Question 52

2 types of solids

Answer 52

crystalline & amorphous

Question 53

conversion between in & cm

Answer 53

1 in. = 2.54 cm

Question 54

1 gal = how many L

Answer 54

3.785

Question 55

3 things to write on test when calculating dimensional analysis

Answer 55

1) the conversion factors between the unit had & the unit wanted 2) write the conversion factors as 2 equal fractions (like 12in/ft = ft/12in) 3) Write it all on a line and put it through the calculator

Question 56

Define chem property

Answer 56

the way a substance can change or react to form another substance