Chapter 4 Flashcards
define electrolyte
comp that dissolves & dissociates into ions when dissolved in H₂O
define nonelectrolyte x 2
- COV comp NOT dissociating into ions when dissolved
- don’t conduct electricity (?)
define strong electrolyte x 4
- 100% dissociation
- →
- ION comps dissolving in H₂O = strong
- AKA strong acid/base
define weak electrolyte x 4p
- partial dissociation
- ⇌
- equilibrium: forward react rate = reverse react rate
- AKA weak acid/base & reversible rxn
6 strong acids
- HCl
- HBr
- HI
- HNO₃
- H₂SO₄
- HClO₄
how to ID strong bases, exceptions
- soluble ion OH⁻ comps on solubility table
- exceptions = Ca, Sr, Ba
4 times when something is always soluble
- NO₃⁻
- C₂H₃O₂⁻
- NH₄⁺
- alkali metal ions
define arrhenius base
comp forming OH⁻ ions in a solution
write that freaking rxn for weak bases
NH₃ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ NH₄⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq)
write the neutralization rxn template
H⁺ acid + OH⁻ base ⇌ H₂O (l) + ion comp salt
ik this is a mess, but visualize the Cl part of NaCl dissolved in water
OO HHH HClH HHH OO
this is a mess but what is the Na part of NaCl dissolved in water?
HHHH OO Na OO HHHH
what is the charge on H and O in water?
±1δ
write out the precipitation rxn template
ion comp (aq) + ion comp (aq) → ion comp (aq) + ion comp (s)
what makes an ion less soluble
if it has a higher charge and attracts other ions
what makes a precipitate rxn not occur?
if both the products are (aq)
define molecular equation
regular chem equation
def complete ionic equation
ions existing separately & part of an (aq) comp are written separately w/ their charges
def spectator ions
remain separately written (separate or part of (aq) comp) before & after the rxn
def net ionic equation
complete ion equation written w/o spectator ions
what is H⁺ technically? x 2
- just a proton
- hydronium (H₃O⁺)