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stuff Flashcards

1
Q

most common type of cancer in the colon

A

adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

most common cause for bacterial food poisoning

A

campylobacter

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3
Q

associated with food poisoning from rice

A

Bacillus cereus

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4
Q

gram +ve cell wall

A

thick

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5
Q

gram +ve gram stain

A

purple

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6
Q

gram +ve release

A

exotoxins

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7
Q

circulating blood volume in sepsis

A

decreased

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8
Q

branching of terminal bronchioles occurs at which stage of lung maturation

A

pseudoglandular

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9
Q

located immediately superficial to transverse abdominis muscle

A

internal oblique muscle

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10
Q

muscles attached to rib 1

A 
scalenus anterior (accessory muscle of respiration)
subclavius, serratus anterior, middle scalene
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11
Q

effect of hypoxic pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction

A

increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular afterload

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12
Q

A 55 year old with anaemia, weight loss and early satiety

A

alarm symptoms for upper GI malignancy

initial investigation gastroscopy

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13
Q

cause of the rising phase of depolarization in contractile ventricular muscle cells

A

fast sodium influx

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14
Q

conditions for synthesis of lactic acid

A

anaerobic conditions

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15
Q

precursors for gluconeogenesis

A

lactate
amino acids
glycerol

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16
Q

shift to the left in oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve

A

increased affinity for oxygen

17
Q

what is a granuloma

A

collection of macrophages that is caused by an inflammatory process

18
Q

adenocarcinoma of lower oesophagus pathology

A

Uncontrolled proliferation of mucous gland

cells in lower 1/3 of oesophagus

19
Q

trelinpressin used for

A

treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices, portal hypertension

20
Q

trelinpressin mechanism of action

A

selectively causes splanchnic and extrarenal vasoconstriction by stimulation of V1 receptors, which are located in the smooth muscles of the arteries in the splanchnic region and thereby reduces splanchnic blood flow and portal pressure

21
Q

ascites with high WCC

A

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

management: antibiotic therapy, paracentesis

22
Q

PBC end stage (raised bilirubin) management

A

liver transplant

23
Q

diaphragm blood supply

A

superior phrenic, musculophrenic, inferior phrenic, pericardiacophrenic, and lower internal intercostal arteries

24
Q

giant v-waves jvp

A

tricuspid regurgitation

25
Q

presentation of tricuspid regurgitation

A

peripheral oedema, right ventricular failure, pansystolic murmur, paradoxical splitting of second heart sound

26
Q

painless jaundice

A

pancreatic cancer

27
Q

chronic cholecystitis presentation

A

repeated episodes of colicky abdominal pain
presence of gallstones
murphys sign

28
Q

cholangiocarcinoma presentation

A

jaundice
itching
abdominal pain

29
Q

bacterial organisms responsible for the pharyngeal infection leading to rheumatic heart disease

A

A β-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes

30
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

gram-positive, coagulase-positive bacteria

31
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

gram-positive, coagulase-negative bacteria

endocarditis on prosthetic valves

32
Q

Streptococcus viridans

A

gram-positive, α-hemolytic bacteria

subacute bacterial endocarditis

33
Q

level of aortic bifurcation

A

L4

34
Q

what type of drugs need a loading dose

A

drugs with a long half life

35
Q

location of the appendix

A

Base of caecum

point where caecal taenia coli converge

36
Q

appendix blood supply

A

Appendicular artery (branch of the ileocolic)

37
Q

McBurney’s point

A

1/3 of the way along a line drawn from the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine to the Umbilicus

38
Q

management of peripheral artery disease

A 
Risk factor modification
Supervised exercise program
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
Surgical reconstruction i.e. bypass graft using the saphenous vein
Amputation
39
Q

the mode of action of indomethacin

A

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in infants with patent ductus arteriosus (COX enzyme)

revision (9 decks)

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