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revision > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

typical patient with sigmoid volvulus

A

elderly
constipated
abdominal pain

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2
Q

coffee bean AXR

A

sigmoid volvulus

loop of distended bowel

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3
Q

paralytic ileus presentation

A 
adynamic bowel (lack of normal peristalsis)
can cause constipation, painful abdominal distension and absent bowel sounds
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4
Q

Colorectal carcinoma presentation

A

acutely as bowel obstruction, with symptoms of constipation and abdominal pain
red flags: weight loss, night sweats

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5
Q

Intussusception

A

part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine

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6
Q

intussusception presentation

A

nonspecific abdominal pain that comes and goes, change in bowel habit and decreased/absent bowel sounds
children <5

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7
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

presents with childhood

nerve cells in the bowel cause problem with peristalsis

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8
Q

achalasia

A

degenerative loss of ganglia from auerbach’s plexus
dysphagia to solids and liquids
sometimes accompanied by regurgitation

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9
Q

globus hystericus cause

A

anxiety

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10
Q

mechanism of cirrhosis

A

degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, and replacement of liver parenchyma by fibrotic tissues and regenerative nodules, and loss of liver function

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11
Q

peginterferon

A

viral hepatitis

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12
Q

azathioprine

A

autoimmune hepatitis

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13
Q

Ursodeoxycholic acid

A

Primary biliary cholangitis

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14
Q

mechanism of PSC

A

autoimmune destruction of both the intra and extra hepatic bile ducts

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15
Q

mechanism of PBC

A

Autoimmune destruction of intra-hepatic bile ducts only

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16
Q

gallstone ileus

A

form of small bowel obstruction caused by gallstone in the small intestine
gallstone enters bowel via cholecysto-enteric fistula

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17
Q

Acute cholecystitis presentation

A 
RUQ pain- radiate to right shoulder
positive murphys sign
fever
nausea 
tachycardia
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18
Q

primary sclerosing cholangitis presentation

A 
jaundice
chronic RUQ pain
pruritus
fatigue
heptomegaly
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19
Q

raised serum amylase

A

acute pancreatitis

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20
Q

Appendicitis presentation

A

central pain radiating to RIF
mild pyrexia, tachycardia
rebound tenderness
vomited

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21
Q

treatment for appendicitis

A

appendectomy
analgesia
antibiotics

22
Q

wilson’s disease

A

rare autosomal recessive condition in which the patient cannot eliminate copper effectively

23
Q

presentation of wilson’s disease

A

can lead to chronic hepatitis and eventually cirrhosis
neurological problems
psychiatric problem

24
Q

indication of severity for acute pancreatitis

A 
PaO2 <8
Age >55
Neutrophilia 
Calcium <2
renal function >16
enzymes
Albumin < 32
Sugar >10
25
Q

what blood marker classically rises with an upper GI bleed

A

Urea

26
Q

plain Xray reveals dilated loop of bowel and thumb printing

A

UC

27
Q

history of dysphagia and regurgitation of undigested solids + liquids along with the distal narrowing seen on the barium swallow

A

achalasia

28
Q

most common cause of acute appendicitis

A

obstruction of the appendix with dried compacted faeces termed a faceolith

29
Q

barrett’s oesophagus is a type of which pathological process

A

metaplasia

30
Q

what is the most sensitive test for coeliac disease

A

serum anti-tTG antibodies

31
Q

RUQ pain, jaundice and fever

A

acute cholangitis

32
Q

managing variceal bleeding

A

terlipressin- stop after definitive haemostasis has been achieved
prophylactive antibiotic therapy

33
Q

presentation of small bowel disease

A

diarrhoea
abdominal pain and discomfort
weight loss
iron, B12 and folate def

34
Q

feature of C.diff that makes is hard to destroy

A

spore formation

35
Q

which LFT reflects the synthetic function of the liver

A

albumin

36
Q

causes of upper GI bleeding

A

oesophageal varicies
MW tear
Peptic ulcers
cancer of stomach or duodenum

37
Q

MW tear

A

mucosal tear at the oesophagastric junction

can be due to bulimia

38
Q

presentation of MW tear

A

dizziness
hypotension
vomiting blood

39
Q

presentation of PBC

A 
middle aged women
fatigue 
pruritus 
abdo pain
jaundice in end-stage
40
Q

LFT in PBC

A

raised ALP

41
Q

blood supply of duodenum

A

proximal- gastroduodenal artery (including superior pancreaticoduodenal)
distal- SMA and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

42
Q

granulation tissue with layer of necrotic debris

A

peptic ulcer

43
Q

presentation of gallstones

A

severe epigastric pain
vomiting
occurs after eating

44
Q

how to confirm gallstones

A

US

45
Q

treatment of sigmoid volvus

A

insertion of flatus tube

46
Q

management of GORD

A

first line- antacids

second line- PPI

47
Q

life style measure associated with colorectal cancer

A

red and processed meat

48
Q

most common location of ischaemic colitis

A

splenic flexure

49
Q

ischaemic colitis on XRAY

A

thrumbprinting

50
Q

pernicious anaemia cause

A

antibodies that target either intrinsic factor or gastric parietal cells

revision (9 decks)

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