come on connie

Question 1

macrocytic anaemia

Answer 1

body has overly large red blood cells and not enough normal RBC

Question 2

PE on CXR

Answer 2

wedge shaped opacity

Question 3

cardiomegaly on CXR

Answer 3

HF

Question 4

diffuse bilateral patchy, cloudy opacities on CXR

Answer 4

ARDS, pneumonia

Question 5

rib-notching on CXR

Answer 5

dilated vessels in coarction of aorta

Question 6

blunting of costophrenic angles on CXR

Answer 6

pleural effusion

Question 7

what do you hear with a bicuspid aortic valve

Answer 7

early systolic ejection click

sometimes hear blowing early diastolic murmur or systolic ejection murmur if also a degree of stenosis and regurgitation

Question 8

common vessel involved in a duodenal ulcer

Answer 8

gastroduodenal artery (branch of common hepatic artery)

Question 9

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 9

abnormality of protease inhibitor

bronchiectasis and liver cirrhosis

Question 10

Marfarns syndrome characteristics

Answer 10

long fingers
high arched palate
autosomal dominant connective tissue disease

Question 11

marfarn’s syndrome is associated with…

Answer 11

mitral valve prolapse
aortic regurgitation
aortic dissection
spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 12

DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 12

genetic deletion 22q11

Question 13

symptoms of DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 13

heart murmur
cyanosis
infections
wide eyes, low ear, cleft palate

Question 14

Kartagener syndrome

Answer 14

rare genetic ciliopathy of the cilia of the resp tract

causes chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and infertility

Question 15

Warfarin dosage

Answer 15

according to INR- pharmacokinetics is highly variable

Question 16

where is warfarin metabolised

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

cystic fibrosis presentation in young patients

Answer 17

recurrent chest infection, resp failure, pancreatic insufficiency

Question 18

mechanism of action of aspirin

Answer 18

inhibits cyclo-oxygenase, which reduces production of thromboxane A2 in platelets

Question 19

mechanism of action of penicillin

Answer 19

B- lactam antibiotic, inhibits transpeptidase (bacterial wall synthesis)

Question 20

treatment of tension pneumothorax

Answer 20

large bore cannula midclavicular line 2nd ICS

Question 21

acute SVT treatment

Answer 21

carotid massage (unless stroke risk), slow conduction of AV node > IV adenosine, verapamil

Question 22

chronic SVT management

Answer 22

avoid stimulants
radiofrequency ablation in young
BB
antiarrhythmics- amiodarone, flecainide, lidocaine)

Question 23

risk factors for SVT

Answer 23

heart disease
lung disease 
drugs (coke)
surgery
pregnancy 
WPW syndrome

Question 24

atrial flutter management

Answer 24

RF ablation
rate/rhythm control- BB or cardioversion
anticoag

Question 25

vagal manoeuvres

Answer 25

``` valsava manoeuvre carotid sinus massage face in ice water DC cardioversion (if haemodynamically compromised) ONLY FOR SVT ```

Question 26

tachycardias management

Answer 26

adenosine rate control (AF) anti-arrhythmics for chemical cardioversion

Question 27

mechanism of adenosine

Answer 27

slows conduction of AV node

Question 28

drugs for rate control

Answer 28

BB digoxin diltazem

Question 29

anti-arrhythmics

Answer 29

amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide, lidocaine

Question 30

management of torsades de pointes

Answer 30

isoprenaline and magnesium sulphate

Question 31

pancreatic divisum

Answer 31

congenital abnormality of pancreas | ducts of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fails to fuse during embryonic development

Question 32

presentation of pancreatic divisum

Answer 32

recurrent pancreatitis

Question 33

pancreatic pseudocyst

Answer 33

collection of fluid usually located in the lesser sac of the abdomen

Question 34

presentation of pancreatic pseudocyst

Answer 34

fever, mass, increase amylase, vomiting

Question 35

zollinger-ellison syndrome

Answer 35

rare condition causing peptic ulcer secondary to gastric secreting neuroendocrine tumours

Question 36

management of zollinger ellison syndrome

Answer 36

PPI

Question 37

lymph nodes that drain inferior of pectinate line

Answer 37

inguinal

Question 38

most common pneumonia in patients with alcoholism, diabetes and chronic lung disease

Answer 38

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 39

ECG Features demonstrating the Digoxin Effect

Answer 39

Downsloping ST depression Flattened, inverted, or biphasic T waves Shortened QT interval

Question 40

splanchnic nerve

Answer 40

T5-9 and consists of preganglionic sympathetic fibres is pre-ganglionic and therefore myelinated passes to the coeliac ganglion