come on connie Flashcards
macrocytic anaemia
body has overly large red blood cells and not enough normal RBC
PE on CXR
wedge shaped opacity
cardiomegaly on CXR
HF
diffuse bilateral patchy, cloudy opacities on CXR
ARDS, pneumonia
rib-notching on CXR
dilated vessels in coarction of aorta
blunting of costophrenic angles on CXR
pleural effusion
what do you hear with a bicuspid aortic valve
early systolic ejection click
sometimes hear blowing early diastolic murmur or systolic ejection murmur if also a degree of stenosis and regurgitation
common vessel involved in a duodenal ulcer
gastroduodenal artery (branch of common hepatic artery)
alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
abnormality of protease inhibitor
bronchiectasis and liver cirrhosis
Marfarns syndrome characteristics
long fingers
high arched palate
autosomal dominant connective tissue disease
marfarn’s syndrome is associated with…
mitral valve prolapse
aortic regurgitation
aortic dissection
spontaneous pneumothorax
DiGeorge syndrome
genetic deletion 22q11
symptoms of DiGeorge syndrome
heart murmur
cyanosis
infections
wide eyes, low ear, cleft palate
Kartagener syndrome
rare genetic ciliopathy of the cilia of the resp tract
causes chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and infertility
Warfarin dosage
according to INR- pharmacokinetics is highly variable
where is warfarin metabolised
liver
cystic fibrosis presentation in young patients
recurrent chest infection, resp failure, pancreatic insufficiency
mechanism of action of aspirin
inhibits cyclo-oxygenase, which reduces production of thromboxane A2 in platelets
mechanism of action of penicillin
B- lactam antibiotic, inhibits transpeptidase (bacterial wall synthesis)
treatment of tension pneumothorax
large bore cannula midclavicular line 2nd ICS
acute SVT treatment
carotid massage (unless stroke risk), slow conduction of AV node > IV adenosine, verapamil
chronic SVT management
avoid stimulants
radiofrequency ablation in young
BB
antiarrhythmics- amiodarone, flecainide, lidocaine)
risk factors for SVT
heart disease lung disease drugs (coke) surgery pregnancy WPW syndrome
atrial flutter management
RF ablation
rate/rhythm control- BB or cardioversion
anticoag
vagal manoeuvres
valsava manoeuvre carotid sinus massage face in ice water DC cardioversion (if haemodynamically compromised) ONLY FOR SVT
tachycardias management
adenosine
rate control (AF)
anti-arrhythmics for chemical cardioversion
mechanism of adenosine
slows conduction of AV node
drugs for rate control
BB
digoxin
diltazem
anti-arrhythmics
amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide, lidocaine
management of torsades de pointes
isoprenaline and magnesium sulphate
pancreatic divisum
congenital abnormality of pancreas
ducts of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fails to fuse during embryonic development
presentation of pancreatic divisum
recurrent pancreatitis
pancreatic pseudocyst
collection of fluid usually located in the lesser sac of the abdomen
presentation of pancreatic pseudocyst
fever, mass, increase amylase, vomiting
zollinger-ellison syndrome
rare condition causing peptic ulcer secondary to gastric secreting neuroendocrine tumours
management of zollinger ellison syndrome
PPI
lymph nodes that drain inferior of pectinate line
inguinal
most common pneumonia in patients with alcoholism, diabetes and chronic lung disease
Klebsiella pneumoniae
ECG Features demonstrating the Digoxin Effect
Downsloping ST depression
Flattened, inverted, or biphasic T waves
Shortened QT interval
splanchnic nerve
T5-9 and consists of preganglionic sympathetic fibres
is pre-ganglionic and therefore myelinated
passes to the coeliac ganglion
