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questions Flashcards

1
Q

“Layer” most closely associated with the route of the phrenic nerve

A

Fibrous pericardium

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2
Q

hepatic vein

A

carries blood from the liver (from stomach, pancreas and bowel) to IVC

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3
Q

branches from the anterolateral aspect of abdominal aorta

A

from superior to inferior:
Adrenal
Renal
Gonadal

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4
Q

enzyme that transcribes genetic material

A

RNA polymerase transcribes mRNA from DNA that compromises the exon regions of a gene

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5
Q

Chronic agonist induced stimulation of airway beta2 receptors results in?

A

Beta2 receptor up regulation and enhanced receptor coupling to G protein adenylyl cyclase

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6
Q

Sensation of airway smooth muscle by asthmatic inflammatory mediators results in?

A

Enhanced airway hyper-reactivity on bronchial challenge testing

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7
Q

The right lymphatic

A

drains into the right venous angle

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8
Q

The thoracic duct drains into?

A

the left venous angle

between the subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein

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9
Q

Intercostal veins from the anterior aspect of the intercostal spaces drain into?

A

internal thoracic vein

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10
Q

A change from one mature cell type to another is known as

A

Metaplasia

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11
Q

initial systemic patient assessment

A

A-B-C approach

- patency of Airway

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12
Q

assessment to indicate a problem with the patients peripheral circulation

A

capillary refill time

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13
Q

the circulating blood volume is decreased in a septic patient

A

true

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14
Q

blood supply to AV node

A

right coronary artery

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15
Q

Right coronary artery supplies

A 
right atrium
diaphragmatic part of left ventricle
posterior third of interventricular septum 
SA node
AV node
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16
Q

left coronary artery supplies

A

left atrium
most of left ventricle
part of right ventricle
anterior part of interventricular septum

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17
Q

ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF

A

inferior STEMI

18
Q

what happens to the pulse in aortic stenosis

A

slow rising

19
Q

ECG findings in pericarditis

A

concave-upward ST elevation
ST depression in aVR
saddle shaped ST elevation
PR segment depression (II and V3)

20
Q

secure a diagnosis of gallstones?

A

MRCP

21
Q

type 2 diabetes

raised ALT and AST

A

NAFLD

22
Q

mechanism for resistance to macrolides

A

methylation of the 23S rRNA

23
Q

Which cells in the gut secrete intrinsic factor

A

Gastric parietal cells

Also secret HCl

24
Q

what do chief cells secret

A

pepsinogen and gastric lipase- breakdown peptides and triglycerides

25
Q

gilbert’s disease

A

deficiency in UDP glucuronosyltransferase
conjugates bilirubin in the liver > reduction in this results in a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin which cannot be excreted in the urine > jaundice

26
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

genetic disorder that affects the body’s connective tissue

27
Q

what type of organism is C.diff

A

gram +ve bacillus

28
Q

example of gram -ve bacillus

A

E.coli

29
Q

example of gram -ve cocci

A

Neisseria meningitidis

30
Q

example of gram-positive coccus

A

S. aureus

31
Q

structures in the porta hepatis

A

Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Common hepatic duct

32
Q

what causes biliary colic

A

gall bladder contracting to secrete bile following a meal but the presence of gallstones makes it painful

33
Q

most common causes of hepatomegaly

A

cirrhosis
viral hepatitis
NAFLD

34
Q

mutation risk factors for desmoid tumours

A

APC

35
Q

what is associated with CA-199 mutation

A

pancreatic and hepatic cancer

36
Q

Pernicious anaemia

A

autoimmune disease caused by antibodies to intrinsic factor +/- gastric parietal cellsautoimmune destruction of gastroparietal cells

37
Q

Initial management of mild diverticulitis

A

oral antibiotics, a liquid diet and analgesia

38
Q

Atrial flutter on ECG

A

sawtooth

narrow complex tachycardia

39
Q

fluid filled cavity in the pancreas lined with granulation tissue

A

pancreatic pseudocyst

40
Q

mechanism of action of bendrofluazide

A

inhibits sodium reabsorption by blocking the Na+-Cl− cotransporter

41
Q

mechanism of action of loop diuretics

A

inhibit Na+ K+ 2Cl- cotransporters in the thick ascending loop of Henle

revision (9 decks)

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