questions Flashcards

1
Q

“Layer” most closely associated with the route of the phrenic nerve

A

Fibrous pericardium

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2
Q

hepatic vein

A

carries blood from the liver (from stomach, pancreas and bowel) to IVC

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3
Q

branches from the anterolateral aspect of abdominal aorta

A

from superior to inferior:
Adrenal
Renal
Gonadal

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4
Q

enzyme that transcribes genetic material

A

RNA polymerase transcribes mRNA from DNA that compromises the exon regions of a gene

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5
Q

Chronic agonist induced stimulation of airway beta2 receptors results in?

A

Beta2 receptor up regulation and enhanced receptor coupling to G protein adenylyl cyclase

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6
Q

Sensation of airway smooth muscle by asthmatic inflammatory mediators results in?

A

Enhanced airway hyper-reactivity on bronchial challenge testing

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7
Q

The right lymphatic

A

drains into the right venous angle

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8
Q

The thoracic duct drains into?

A

the left venous angle

between the subclavian vein and the internal jugular vein

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9
Q

Intercostal veins from the anterior aspect of the intercostal spaces drain into?

A

internal thoracic vein

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10
Q

A change from one mature cell type to another is known as

A

Metaplasia

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11
Q

initial systemic patient assessment

A

A-B-C approach

- patency of Airway

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12
Q

assessment to indicate a problem with the patients peripheral circulation

A

capillary refill time

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13
Q

the circulating blood volume is decreased in a septic patient

A

true

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14
Q

blood supply to AV node

A

right coronary artery

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15
Q

Right coronary artery supplies

A
right atrium
diaphragmatic part of left ventricle
posterior third of interventricular septum 
SA node
AV node
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16
Q

left coronary artery supplies

A

left atrium
most of left ventricle
part of right ventricle
anterior part of interventricular septum

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17
Q

ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF

A

inferior STEMI

18
Q

what happens to the pulse in aortic stenosis

A

slow rising

19
Q

ECG findings in pericarditis

A

concave-upward ST elevation
ST depression in aVR
saddle shaped ST elevation
PR segment depression (II and V3)

20
Q

secure a diagnosis of gallstones?

21
Q

type 2 diabetes

raised ALT and AST

22
Q

mechanism for resistance to macrolides

A

methylation of the 23S rRNA

23
Q

Which cells in the gut secrete intrinsic factor

A

Gastric parietal cells

Also secret HCl

24
Q

what do chief cells secret

A

pepsinogen and gastric lipase- breakdown peptides and triglycerides

25
gilbert's disease
deficiency in UDP glucuronosyltransferase conjugates bilirubin in the liver > reduction in this results in a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin which cannot be excreted in the urine > jaundice
26
Marfan syndrome
genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissue
27
what type of organism is C.diff
gram +ve bacillus
28
example of gram -ve bacillus
E.coli
29
example of gram -ve cocci
Neisseria meningitidis
30
example of gram-positive coccus
S. aureus
31
structures in the porta hepatis
Portal vein Hepatic artery Common hepatic duct
32
what causes biliary colic
gall bladder contracting to secrete bile following a meal but the presence of gallstones makes it painful
33
most common causes of hepatomegaly
cirrhosis viral hepatitis NAFLD
34
mutation risk factors for desmoid tumours
APC
35
what is associated with CA-199 mutation
pancreatic and hepatic cancer
36
Pernicious anaemia
autoimmune disease caused by antibodies to intrinsic factor +/- gastric parietal cellsautoimmune destruction of gastroparietal cells
37
Initial management of mild diverticulitis
oral antibiotics, a liquid diet and analgesia
38
Atrial flutter on ECG
sawtooth | narrow complex tachycardia
39
fluid filled cavity in the pancreas lined with granulation tissue
pancreatic pseudocyst
40
mechanism of action of bendrofluazide
inhibits sodium reabsorption by blocking the Na+-Cl− cotransporter
41
mechanism of action of loop diuretics
inhibit Na+ K+ 2Cl- cotransporters in the thick ascending loop of Henle