Study Test questions Flashcards
What is the primary source of getting applications straight from Microsoft in Windows 10/11?
Microsoft Store
What are apps in the Microsoft Store that are designed primarily with touch screen interfaces in mind?
Touch first apps
What type of RAM is used in most modern systems?
SDRAM
How was DDR2 an improvement over DDR?
Faster and more power efficient
How was DDR3 an improvement over DDR2?
higher speeds, more efficient architecture and around 30 percent lower power consumption
How was DDR4 an improvement over DDR3?
higher density, lower voltages and faster data transfer rates
How was DDR5 an improvement over DDR4?
doubled bandwidth, decreased power consumption and quadrupled DIMM capacity
What are the common reasons for updating a computer’s BIOS?
supporting larger drive capacities, supporting faster RAM speeds, and security enhancements
programs stored on ROM chips are collectively known as what?
firmware
What is the most common form of ROM used for the last 20 years?
flash ROM
What does a black “!” mean for a device in device manager?
That a device is missing, that Windows does not recognize a device, or that there’s a device driver problem
What determines the type of processor the motherboard accepts, the type and capacity of RAM, and the sort of internal and external devices that the motherboard supports?
The chipset
What two chips original composed chipsets?
The northbridge and soutbridge
Between the northbridge and southbridge, which handled RAM?
Northbridge
Between the northbridge and southbridge, which handed expansion devices and mass storage drives?
Southbridge
In addition to the northbridge and southbridge, some manufacturers added a third chip. What is it?
The Super I/O Chip
Why are northbridges and southbridges not common today?
The CPU handles a lot of those functions itself now
What does every device in the computer including expansions slots connect to?
the external data bus and the address bus
What controls the speed at which expansion slot devices connected to the external data bus runs at?
The expansion crystal
What is the feature called when devices configure themselves when connected?
plug and play (PnP)
Did PCI use a parallel or serial connection?
Parallel
Did PCIe use a parallel or serial connection?
Serial
Why is the PCIe serial connection better than PCI’s parallel connection?
- PCIe has a direct connection with the CPU that it doesn’t share with other devices
- When using high speeds, serial is easier to manage than parallel
What does a black downward-pointing arrow mean for a device in device manager?
That the device is disabled
What are the two troubleshooting steps for a black “!” on a device in device manager?
-Double check the device’s connections
-Try reinstalling the driver with the Update Driver button
What are the 4 troubleshooting step for a black downward-pointing arrow in the device manager?
-Check that the device isn’t disabled
-Try rolling back the driver
-Re-do the entire driver installation
-If none of the above work, the device is probably bad
What do computers use the 12-V current for?
To power motors on devices such as hard drives and optical drives
What do computers use 3.3-V and 5-V current for?
To support onboard electronics
How many pins does a SATA power connector have?
15
What power is provided through a molex power connection?
5-V and 12-V
What power is provided through a SATA power connection?
3.3-V, 5-V and 12-V
How many rails does a standard PC power supply provide?
- One for 3.3V, 5V and 12V each
What is the solution if a power computer used more than the max amps on the 12V rail?
Provide multiple 12V rails
What shuts down a system when system components over-amp a rail?
over-current protection (OCP)
What is the primary advantage of SATA over PATA?
It creates a direct connection between the SATA device and the host bus adapter (HBA)
How many data connector pins does a SATA cable have?
7
How many data connector pins does a PATA cable have?
40
How long can a SATA cable be?
1 meter
What are the standard SSD form factors?
2.5, mSATA and M.2
What are the two drive command sets?
AHCI and NVMe
Which SATA mode was designed with spinning hard drives in mind?
AHCI
What is the biggest problem running SSDs on AHCI?
The SSD has to replicate a spinning drive
Which specification supports a communication connection between the operating system and the SSD directly through a PCIe bus lane?
NVMe
What are the three different partitioning methods Windows supports?
- Master Boot Record (MBR)
- Window’s dynamic disks
- GUID partition table
What does Microsoft call a drive that uses either MBR or GPT partitioning scheme?
a basic disk
What does Microsoft call a drive that uses the dynamic storage partitioning scheme?
a dynamic disk
In dynamic disks, what does Microsoft call a partition?
a volume
In dynamic disks, what type of volume functions essentially like a primary partition?
Simple volume
In dynamic disks, what uses space on multiple drives to create a single volume?
Spanned volume
In dynamic disks, what is the equivalent of RAID 0?
Striped volumes
In dynamic disks, what is the equivalent of RAID 1 volumes?
Mirrored volumes
In dynamic disks, what kind of volume requires 3 or more dynamic disks with equal sized unallocated spaces?
RAID 5 volumes
In Windows, what is a collection of physical drives that enables you to flexibly add and expand capacity?
A storage pool
In Windows, what are virtual drives that are created from storage pool free space?
Storage Spaces
What are the two things that Storage Spaces has?
resiliency and fixed provisioning
What are the three different types of storage spaces?
- Simple spaces
- Mirror spaces
- Parity spaces
Which storage space is just pooled storage. It provides no resiliency?
Simple spaces
Which storage space keeps more than one copy of data, providing excellent redundancy and resiliency?
Mirror spaces
How many drives are required for a three-way mirror space?
five or more
Which storage spaces acts similar to RAID 5 or RAID 6?
Parity spaces
What is the primary advantage and disadvantage to parity spaces?
- more space efficient than mirror spaces
- has performance overhead
What two things does each row of the file allocation table contain?
- the cluster index
- status of the cluster
What are the four different entries in a file allocation table?
- end-of-file marker
- bad-block marker
- code indicating the cluster is available
- the number of the cluster where the next part of the file is stored
What is the rewritable version of Blue Ray?
BD-RE
Where can you find the Audit Success and Audit Failure options in Event Viewer?
in the Keywords column
In Event Viewer, what does audit success and audit failure indicate?
Successful or failed security actions
What view does the Task Manager open in?
simplified mode (fewer details)
What is the easiest way to open Task Manager?
CTRL-SHIFT-ESC
What is the purpose of the Resource Monitor?
When you need more detail and control than Task Manager
How does Resource Monitor organizes processes?
by PID
Which Windows group cannot edit the Registry or access critical system files. They can create groups, but can manage only those they create?
Standard Account (Users)
Which Windows Control Panel applet focuses on backing up your personal files and folders and includes the ability to restore previous versions of individual files?
File History
Which command in Windows displays the contents of a directory and lets you pause?
dir /p
How do you get help for a command in Windows?
Add /? at the end of it
How do you remove a folder and all of its contents in Linux?
rm -r
how do you remove a folder and all of its content in Windows?
rd /s
Which make directory and remove directory commands only work in windows?
md and rd
Which command in Linux will give you detailed information on a file?
file
Which command is the advanced pager in comparison to more that can navigate both forward and backwards in the file along with some more powerful options
less
What is the switch in xcopy that allows you to copy all subdirectories?
/s
what is the switch in robocopy that tells it to copy everything from the source and make the destination mirror it?
/mir (mirror)
what is the syntax of robocopy?
robocopy [source] [destination] [options]
what are the two switches on the chkdsk command and what is their purpose?
/f - attempts to fix file system-related errors
/r - attempts to locate and repair bad sectors
Which terminal command provides detailed and customizable information about the processes running on your system at the moment you run the command?
ps
Which terminal command is an interactive, continuously updating monitor of what’s running and by default focuses on resource hungry processes?
top
How do you use ps to show all processes?
ps aux
What does the warning “Not Enough USB Controller Resources” mean and how do you solve it?
USB controllers have a limited number of endpoints. USB devices can use more than one endpoint. Move USB devices onto a different controller.
What kind of memory would you find in high-end graphics cards?
Graphics DDR (GDDR) and High Bandwidth Memory (HBM)
What kind of memory would you find in low-end graphics cards?
DDR
What do network people call anything that one computer might share with another?
A resource
How long are MAC addresses?
48 bits
