220-1101 Hardware Flashcards
Which network cable designation has a speed for 100-Mbps
Cat 5
Which network cable designation is enhanced to handle 1-Gbps and 2.5 Gbps networks at 100-meter segments
Cat 5e
Which network cable designation supports 1-Gbps, 2.5-Gbps, and 5 Gbps networks at 100-meter segments and 10-Gbps networks up to 55-meter segments?
Cat 6
Which network cable designation is a nonstandard term used by a few manufacturers for Cat 6 or Cat 6a
Cat 6e
Which network cable designation supports 10-Gbps at 100-meter segments, has shielding for individual wire pairs reduce crosstalk and noise. and is not an ANSI/TIA standard.
Cat 7
T/F: Ethernet standards using coax is long gone
True
Which cable is primarily used for cable modems and satellite connections?
Coaxial
Which cable consists of a center cable (core) surrounded by insulation. Then it is covered with a shield of braided cable?
Coaxial
Which cable is protected from interference with a shield of braided cable?
Coaxial
Which cable is rated using RG name which rates the cable by impedance
Coaxial
Which coaxial RG names (2) are the most important and rated at 75-ohm impedance?
RG-59 and RG-6
Which cables are twisted pair wires are surrounded by shielding to protect them from electromagnetic interference?
Shielded twisted pair
Which cable is rare for 1000Base-T networks because need is rare?
Shielded twisted pair
Which STP has a thicker jacket and some waterproofing for outdoor and burial use?
Direct burial
Which cable is the specified cabling for 100/1000BASE-T as well as 10GBASE-T?
Unshielded twisted pair
Which cable is the predominant network cabling system used today?
Unshielded twisted pair
Which cable is made with a fire-retardant jacket and is required for plenum space. About 3-5 times more expensive?
Plenum-grade cable
Which cable standard has a 2000 meter distance?
Fiber
Fiber networks mostly use what type of cable?
62.5/125 multimode fiber optic cable
When fiber uses two strands, one for sending and one for receiving, it is referred to as what?
multimode
Which fiber mode has 10-100+ Gbps, distance ~600 meter?
multimode
Which fiber mode is very fast and travels extremely far?
singlemode
What are the standards for connecting an RJ45 connector to UTP cable?
T568A/T568B
Which version of USB was marketed as Hi-Speed; runs at 480 Mbps?
2.0
Which version of USB was marketed as SuperSpeed; speeds up to 5 Gbps?
3.0
Which version of USB was marketed as Superspeed; handles speeds up to 10 Gbps?
3.1
Which version of USB has speeds up to 20 Gbps using a pair of 10-Gbps lanes?
3.2
Which connection standard is older, uses 9-pin, D-shell male socket, called a DB9 or an RS232?
Serial
Which cable supports video up to a single 4k video monitor, audio and storage devices?
Thunderbolt
What do Thunderbolt 1 and 2 connect with?
Mini DisplayPort (mDP) connector
What does Thunderbolt 3 connect with?
USB Type-C connector
What is the distance of copper Thunderbolt?
3 meters
What is the distance of fiber Thunderbolt?
60 meters
What is the icon for USB Type-C thunderbolt ports?
a lightning bolt
Which version of Thunderbolt runs full duplex at 10 Gbps?
version 1
Which version of Thunderbolt runs full duplex at 20 Gbps?
version 2
Which version of Thunderbolt runs full duplex at 40 Gbps?
version 3
T/F: HDMI carries both video and audio signals.
True
T/F: All versions of HDMI can handle any resolution.
False
T/F: Full-sized display port connection are not common.
False
Which Thunderbolt version uses the same connector types as Mini DisplayPort (mDP)?
Version 1 and 2
Which versions (2) of USB support using the Type-C connector to drive a display without TB?
Version 3 and 4
Which display port involves an analog to digital connection?
Digital visual Interface (DVI)
Which DVI was digital?
DVI-D
Which DVI was analog?
DVI-A
Which DVI (2) was interchangeable?
DVI-A/D or DVI-I
Which DVI (2) can be single-link or dual-link?
DVI-D or DVI-I
Which DVI link can drive 1920 x 1080 at 60 Hz?
single-link
Which DVI link can drive a 2048 x 1536 display at 60 Hz?
dual-link
Which graphics cable is very old, the least-capable monitor connection type and has a 15-pin, three-row, D-Type connection?
Video Graphics Array (VGA)
Which storage drive cable creates a point-to-point connection between the drive and the the host bus adapter (HBA)?
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
Which hard drive cable has a max length of 40 inches?
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
For SATA, how much of the speed is used for overhead?
20%
Which version of SATA has 1.5 Gbps, 150 MBps throughput?
SATA 1.0
Which version of SATA has 3 Gbps, 300 MBps throughput?
SATA 2.0
Which version of SATA has 6 Gbps bandwidth, 600 MBps throughput?
SATA 3.0
Which version of SATA has up to 16 Gbps, 2000 MBps throughput?
SATA 3.2 (SATAe)
Which storage drive cable standard was the first standard that supports hot swapping?
SATA
Which storage drive cable standard ties drives directly to the PCI Express bus on the motherboard?
SATA Express (SATAe)
Each lane of PCIe 3.0 is capable of how much throughput?
8 Gbps
T/F: you can’t connect SATA cables into a SATAe port.
False
Which storage drive cable standard is used primarily in the server market?
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
Which storage drive cable standard uses a variety of ribbon cables depending on the version
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
Which storage drives provide fast and robust storage for servers and storage arrays today?
Serial Attached Storage (SAS)
Which SAS version has speeds up to 22.5 Gbps?
SAS-4
T/F: SAS controllers also support SATA drives.
True
Which standard allows you to connect external drives to the SATA bus?
External SATA (eSATA)
External SATA (eSATA) has cable lengths up to what length?
2 meters
T/F: eSATA is hot swappable.
True
Which standard dissapeared with the advent of USB 3.0?
External SATA (eSATA)
What is the cable length for PATA (IDE)?
18 inches
What is the cable length for SATA?
1 meter
What is the cable length for eSATA?
2 meters
Which standard uses 40-pin ribbon cables?
Integrated Drive Elecrtonics (IDE): also known as PATA
What kind of power connector does PATA use?
Molex
What kind of adapter do you use when you don’t need access to a number of ports at once. Examples: wired Ethernet and optical drives
USB Adapters
What does RJ stand for?
registered jack
Which RJ connects to a traditional telephone connection?
RJ11
Which RJ has connections for two wires?
RJ11
Which RJ is standard for UTP connectors?
RJ45
Which RJ is used by twisted pair cat 3,5,5e etc?
RJ45
Which RJ has connections for up to four pairs and wider than RJ11?
RJ45
What are the two standards exists for connecting the UTP cable to the RJ45 connector?
T568A and T568B
T/F: It doesn’t matter if you use T568A and T568B as long as you keep it consistent.
True
What is the standard Coax connection?
F type
Which (2) are fiber connections and half duplex?
Straight tip (ST) and Subscriber connector (SC)
What is a fiber connection and full duplex
Lucent connector (LC)
What is the most common type of patch panel?
Punchdown block
What is a punchdown block also commonly referred as?
110-punchdown block
What cables are patch panels used to connect to?
fragile solid core cables
What has small metal-lined grooves for individual wires?
Punchdown block
What tool is used to make connections to a Punchdown block?
A punchdown tool
T/F: Mini A and micro USB A connectors were basically ignored
True
microUSB B and miniUSB B connectors connect what?
smaller devices such as cameras and smartphones
USB-C is also known as what?
Type-C
What does USB-C replace?
both A and B plugs of all sizes
Which standard uses 24 pins and can be inserted in either orientation?
USB-C
Which standard supports USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt?
USB-C
Which standard supplies 5-V and 12-V current for fans and older drives?
Molex
Which power standard Can be plugged in upside down but not a good thing?
Molex
Current iPhones and most iPads use what port for all physical connectivity?
Lightning
Which port is Apple proprietary?
Lightning
What is a 9-pin D-shell serial port Also known as a RS232 (recommended standard 232)?
DB9
What is Virtual RAM also known as?
virtual memory
What uses a portion of the HDD or SDD as memory?
Virtual RAM
What saves memory to a page file or swap file?
Virtual RAM
In Windows, where can Virtual RAM be found?
pagefile.sys and can find it in the root directory of the C: drive
Where is small outline dual inline memory module (SODIMM) found?
laptops
How many pins for DDR3 SO-DIMMS?
204 pins
How many pins for DDR4 SO-DIMMS?
260 pins
How many pins for DDR5 SO-DIMMS?
262 pins
What is the advantage of each newer version of DDR
Higher speeds more efficient architecture and around 30 percent lower power consumption
Which DDR has a maximum capacity of 16-GB for each module?
Double Data Rate 3 (DDR3)
Which DDR version theoretically up to 512 GB modules, but DIMMs are sold at 64GB max (256GB for enterprise)
Double Data Rate 4 (DDR4)
Which DDR has 64GB to 256 GB DIMMs?
Double Data Rate 5 (DDR5)
What RAM detects and corrects any time a single bit is flipped on-the-fly?
Error correction code (ECC) RAM
T/F: ECC can detect, but not correct, a double bit error.
True
T/F: ECC is faster than other types of RAM
False
What type of RAM is regular use of ram and not paired with other sticks?
Single-channel
Which type of RAM uses two sticks of DDR SDRAM together to increase throughput, requires two identical sticks of DDR and they must snap into two paired slots?
Dual-channel
What is the results of getting a hard drive with faster spindle speeds?
the faster the drive stores and retrieves data
the more noise and heat is generated
What is the result of excess hard drive heat
reduces drive life dramatically
Which hard drive spindle speeds are common?
5,400 and 7,200 rpm
Which hard drive spindle speeds are less common?
10,000 and 15,000 rpm
How do you mitigate excess hard drive heat?
more/better airflow
Which storage drive form factor is mostly used by laptops, but can also be used by desktops and servers?
2.5
Which storage drive form factor is only used by desktops and servers?
3.5
Which storage communication interfaces (2) uses the PCIe bus lane?
Non-volatile Memory Express (NVMe) and Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe)
Which storage communication interface can be a 2.5-inch SATAe connector, but most of the time is a M.2 format?
Non-volatile Memory Express (NVMe)
Which storage communication cables have 7 connectors instead of PATA 40?
SATA
Which drive connection form factor is a flat form, most motherboards offer two or more of them, and is the current form factor?
M.2
Which storage drive form factor is a low profile form but older than M.2?
mSATA
Which RAID
1. requires at least two drives
2. any loss of drives results in lost data
RAID 0
Which RAID is disk striping where files are split, no redundancy is provided, and should not be done?
RAID 0
How much storage do you get from RAID 0
all storage between drives
Which RAID is described by disk mirroring; two redundant drives. Safe but slow?
RAID 1
What is it called in RAID if you use two separate drive controllers?
disk duplexing
What is the advantage to disk duplexing?
It is safter and faster than mirroring
Which RAID
1. requires as least two drives
2. can lose 1 drive without losing data
RAID 1
How much effective storage do you get from RAID 1?
half
Which RAID is disk striping with distributed parity?
RAID 5
Which RAID
1. distributes data and parity throughout the drives
2. fastest way to provide data redundancy
3. requires at least 3 drives
4. can lose 1 drive without losing data
RAID 5
How much effective storage do you get from RAID 5?
-1 drive for parity
Which RAID is referred to as nested, striped mirrors, stripe of mirrors
RAID 10
Which RAID
1. multiple RAID levels combined to achieve multiple benefits, including speed, capacity, and reliability
2. lowers efficiency
3. minimum of four drives
4. has up to two failures before data loss
RAID 10
How much effective storage do you get from RAID 10?
half
Thumb drives, jump drives, and flash drives are collectively known as what?
USB flash memory drives
USB thumb drives have what type of connector?
standard USB connector
Which storage media has replaced almost all other rewritable removable media?
USB thumb drives
What is the generic term for storage used in cameras, smartphones and other devices?
Memory cards
What is the oldest removable flash media card standard?
CompactFlash (CF)
What comes in two sizes: CFI (3.3 mm thick) and CFII (5 mm thick)?
CompactFlash (CF)
What are the smaller versions of Secure Digital (SD) cards?
mini Secure Digital (miniSD) and micro Secure Digital (microSD)
Where are SD cards commonly found?
Cameras
Where is microSD commonly found?
in devices where small size is an advantage
What are SD cards that can store 4 MB to 4 GB?
Standard SD cards
What are SD cards that can store 4GB to 32 GB?
Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC)
What are SD cards that can store 32 GB to 2 TB?
Secure Digital Extended Capacity (SDXC)
Which SD generation has speeds classes: 2, 4, 6 and 10 indicates the cards minimum MB/s write speed?
first generation
Which SD generation has the Ultra High Speed (UHS) bus and can use the UHS Speed Class standard?
second generation
Class U1 cards (second generation SD) should both read and write at what speed?
a min of 10 MB/s
U3 cards (second generation SD) should read and write at what speed?
a minimum of 30 MB/s
Which SD generation is the Video Speed Class?
third generation
The SD Video Speed Class supports what resolutions?
4K and 8K
The SD Video Speed Class V6 runs at what speed?
6 MB/s
The SD Video Speed Class V90 runs at what speed?
90 MB/s
Which SD class is used for smartphones?
Application Performance Class
The SD Application Performance Class A1 and A2 supports what speed?
minimum of 10 MB/s sustained write
The SD Application Performance Class A1 supports how many IOPS?
1500 IOPS while reading
500 IOPS while writing
What does IOPS stand for?
input/output operations per second
The SD Application Performance Class A2 supports how many IOPS?
4000 IOPS reading
2000 IOPS while writing
What is the solution for when Apple stopped including optical drives on their laptops?
Remote disks allows you to stream optical media from another computer
What is the optical format for music where the disk is separated into variable-length tracks?
CD-Digital Audio (CDDA) or CD-audio
What is the issue for CD-Digital Audio (CDDA) or CD-audio?
lacks advanced error checking, file support, or directory structure
What is the purpose of CD-ROM?
storing data
How is the speed for CD-ROM designated?
speeds are multiplied from the original 150-KBps speed (2x = 300 KBps)
What device allowed consumers to write to CD-R and CD-RW?
CD burner
What are the different types of CD-Rs and what are their capacities
74-minute disc that holds approx 650 MB
80-minute disk that holds 700 MB
T/F: CD-Rs has separate read and write speeds
True
What are the three speed values for CD-RW?
write, rewrite and read
What is the purpose of CD-RW drives?
allows you to burn over existing data on a CD-RW disk
What optical media had >4.37 GB of data, two hours of standard definition video?
DVD
which DVD format has 4.37 GB > 2 hours of video?
DVD-5 (12 cm, SS/SL)
What are the different DVD formats?
single/double sided formats and single/dual-layer formats
which DVD format has 7.95 GB >4 hours of video?
DVD-9 (12 cm, SS/DL)
which DVD format has 8.74 GB >4.5 hours of video?
DVD-10 (12 cm, DS/SL)
which DVD format has 15.90 GB >8 hours of video?
DVD-18 (12 cm, DS/DL)
Which standard is the dvd equivalent of the standard cd-rom except it can store almost 16 GB of data?
DVD-ROM
What are the recordable DVD formats?
DVD-R, DVD-RW and DVD-RW DL
Which optical media format has 25 GB (single-layer), 50 GB (dual-layer) and 100GB (BDXL)?
Blu-ray
T/F: BD-ROM: drives are fully backward compatable with DVD-video and CD-ROM formats
True
Which motherboard form factor was created in 1995?
Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX)
Which motherboard form factor is the most common form factor?
Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX)
Which motherboard form factor has rear panel that has all the ports built in?
Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX)
Which motherboard form factor is 12 by 9.6 inches?
Full sized Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX)
Which motherboard form factor is 9.6 by 9.6 inches?
microATX
Which form factor did not catch on, but the mini form did?
Information Technology eXtended (ITX)
Which motherboard form factor is 6.7 x 6.7 inches?
mini-ITX
Which motherboard form factor is low power usage and low heat?
mini-ITX
What are the seven steps for installing a motherboard?
- watch out for ESD
- Remove the old motherboard, if applicable
- Place the standoffs in the correct position for the new motherboard
- connect LEDs, buttons, and front mounted ports
- Install CPU, RAM and fans
- screw the motherboard in with appropriate screws
- Insert the power connects and test
Which motherboard connector type:
1. released to open domain
2. 32 bits wide running at 33 Mhz
3. self-configuring (plug-and-play)
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
Which motherboard connection type uses a point-to-point serial connection instead of PCI’s shared parallel communications?
PCI Express (PCIe)
With PCIe 1.x, each lane provides how many gigatransfers per second?
2.5
With PCIe 2.x, each lane provides how many gigatransfers per second?
5
With PCIe 3.x, each lane provides how many gigatransfers per second?
8
With PCIe 4.0, each lane provides how many gigatransfers per second?
16
Which PCI standard is often used for video cards, and it is the most common PCIe?
PCIe x16
Which PCI standard is also common for non-video card needs?
PCIe x1
What are 4 PCIe installation notes?
- PCIe slot may be wired for fewer lanes than its size suggests
- some motherboards don’t have enough lanes for each slot to use its max at the same time
- Lower PCIe versions have less bandwidth, and motherboards may have multiple versions. CPUs can also limit available versions
- PCIe lanes can also be used by other things on the board such as network interfaces, newer generations of USB, Thunderbolt, and M.2
What is the 5 step PCIe installation process?
- Knowledge: learn whether the device works with the system and operating system. Does it require drivers?
- Physical Installation: avoid ESD; place the card firmly and completely into a slot; secure with case screw
- Always unplug a PC before inserting an expansion card
- Device Drivers: all devices require BIOS. For expansion cards, the BIOS comes in the form of device drivers.
- Verification: check device manager and then test the device
Which motherboard power connector voltage rating provides current to power motors on devices such as hard drives and optical drives?
12V
Which motherboard power connector voltage rating provides current for on-board electronics?
3.3 and 5V
Which motherboard power connector supplies power to the motherboard?
20- or 24 pin P1 power connector
Motherboards may require what in addition to the 20- or 24 pin P1 power connector?
4- 6- or 8-pin connectors
Which motherboard power connector supplies power for fans and older drives?
Molex: 5-V and 12-V
Which motherboard power connector was originally needed for floppy drives?
Mini connector: 5V and 12V
Which motherboard power standard introduced motherboard power connector and soft power? Used 20-pin P1 motherboard power connector.
ATX
Which motherboard power standard came out in 2003, included a 4-pin motherboard power connector referred to as the P4 power connector?
ATX12V 1.3
What was the purpose of the ATX12V 4-pin connector?
provides more 12-V power to assist the 20/24 pin P1 motherboard power connector
ATX12V 1.3 also included a 6-pin auxiliary connector. What was its purpose?
to supply increased 3.3- and 5-V to motherboard
Which motherboard power standard specifically addressed power hungry motherboards?
EPS12V
Which motherboard power standard has 24-pin main motherboard conector, aux connector, ATX12V P4 connector and unique 8-pin connector?
EPS12V
What technology was used to increase 12V, 5V, and 3.3V output?
multiple rails
Which motherboard power standard uses a 24-pin connector, may include 8-pin CPU power connector, and includes PCI express 6/8-pin connectors?
ATX12V 2.0
Where can you find the eSATA connector?
look for red connector on back of PC
What are internal connectors to plug in cables for additional external ports, such as the USB on the front of cases?
Headers
How do you install an M.2 drive
Plug it in and secure with a screw
Identify this socket:
Intel –> Core i3/i5/i7, Xeon (Skylake, Kaby Lake, Cascade Lake)
LGA 2066
Identify this socket:
Intel –> Core i5/i7/i9, Xeon (Comet Lake, Rocket Lake)
LGA 1200
Identify this socket:
Intel –> Core i5/i7/i9, Xeon (Alder Lake)
LGA 1700
Identify this socket:
AMD –> Ryzen
AM4
Identify this socket:
AMD –> Ryzen Threadripper
TR4
Identify this socket:
AMD –> AMD Zen 4
AM5
What are the three steps of installing a CPU?
- Don’t bend any of the tiny pins on the CPU or socket
- Make sure the power supply can supply enough electricity for the processor + all other components
- Provide adequate cooling
Which processors do servers typically have?
Intel Xeon or AMD EPYC
What processors do mainstream desktops usually have?
Core i3/i5/i7 or Ryzen 5/7
What processors do phones typically have?
ARM
T/F: The terms CMOS setup program/utility, CMOS, system setup, BIOS/UEFI setup utlity, BIOS/UEFI settings, or UEFI firmware settings, and system setup utility are functionally interchangeable today
True
What is the purpose of secure boot?
secures the boot process by requiring properly signed software
What does secure boot require?
requires an Intel CPU, a UEFI BIOS, and an operating system designed for it
What needs to be signed for secure boot to work?
boot software and software that supports specific, essential components
What is secure boot protecting you from?
malware during the boot process
How does secure boot perform its job?
runs a signature check of each piece of boot software, UEFI drivers and checks the core operating system files
When is it best to use a boot password?
Public computers, such as computer kiosks at a convention or systems at a public library
What acts as a secure cryptoprocessor, a hardware platform for the acceleration of cryptographic functions and secure storage of associated information?
TPM
Where does the TPM spec come from?
Trusted computing group
How is the TPM integrated with the rest of the computer?
can be a circuit on the motherboard or can be built directly into the chipset
What is the TPM used for?
disk encryption, DRM, network access control, application execution control, and password protection
When is a TPM a Hardware security module (HSM)?
When it is integrated into the motherboard
What is the processor architecture made by the Intel Corporation?
x86-64
What is the primary benefit to selecting a 64-bit processor?
to support more than 4GB of memory
How does ARM make processors?
ARM licenses it’s ARM architecture to other companies to make processors
What are the benefits of an ARM processor?
incredibly energy efficient/low heat and has great processing power
T/F: ARM processors are typically integrated into the motherboard
True
What is the typical speed limit of single-core processors
roughly 4 Ghz
What is it called when many processing cores that share caches and RAM?
Multicore
Multithreading is also known as:
Hyperthreading
What are the two limitations of Multithreading
OS and application must support it
Though the CPU acts like 2 processors, it doesn’t double processing power since main execution resources are not duplicated
What is the technology where support is built into the CPU for running more than one operating system at a time?
Virtualization support
What is it called when motherboards come with sound support
built in sound
A computer that needs more robust sound capabilities, such as a recording studio computer, would use what?
dedicated sound expansion card
What color is the main speaker out jack?
green
What is the purpose of the line out jack?
often used to connect to an external devices such as a DVD or MP3 player to output sounds from the computer
What is the purpose of the line in jack?
connects to an external devices such as a DVD or MP3 player to import sounds to the computer
What color is the line in jack?
blue
What is the purpose of the analog/digital out?
multifunction analog/digital out jack acts as a special digital connection to external digital devices/speakers and also acts as the analog connection to center and subwoofer channels.
What color is the microphone jack?
pink
What is the purpose of Sony/Philips Digital Interface (S/PDIF or SPDIF)?
connects sound card directly to 5.1 speaker system or receiver
What is the primary benefit of Sony/Philips Digital Interface (S/PDIF or SPDIF)?
simplifies sound setup
Sony/Philips Digital Interface (S/PDIF or SPDIF) comes in what two types?
optical and coaxial
Where do you configure sound?
with the sound applet/preferences (in control panel for Windows; System Preferences in MacOS)
In addition to plugging into the motherboard, what else do graphics cards often require?
dedicated power
What are the 3 issues commonly encountered when installing a graphics card?
long cards, proximity of the nearest expansion card, and the presence of power connectors
What is the purpose of a capture card?
connects one or more video connectors to record, stream or watch video from another video source
T/F: capture cards often often supports passthrough for simultaneous viewing
True
Heat sinks alone are considered what kind of cooling?
Passive
Heat sinks with a fan are considered what kind of cooling?
Active
T/F: many heat sinks come with some thermal paste already on them
True
What is the process of applying thermal paste?
only use a little bit and then spread it around thinly and evenly
What are the three parts of a liquid cooling system?
- a hollow metal block on the CPU
- A pump to move the liquid around
- Some device to cool the liquid
Where would you use 110-120 VAC power?
US
Where would you use 220-240 VAC power?
Anywhere not US
How do you change power input from 110-120 VAC to 220-240 VAC?
There is a switch in the back of the power supply to select the correct power
What is it called where two identical RPS power supplies are used in a server?
Redundant power supply
What is the purpose of redundant power supplies?
Electrical load is shared between them aka: load balancing
What is the benefit to a modular power supply?
- Removable cables
- Improves optics and airflow
Why do we check a power supplies Wattage rating?
Make sure a power supply can supply power to all components
T/F: Power supplies convert all of the power supplied for internal components
False
What do we check to see how much power supplied to the power supply is transferred to internal components
efficiency rating
Which programs rates power supplies from 80-94 percent efficiency and gives them a bronze, gold, titanium rating?
80 plus programs
What are multifunction devices/printers setup location considerations?
convenient for everyone who needs to use it (not in hallway or person’s office)
good power and ventillation
What are multifunction devices/printers unboxing considerations?
Read the instructions included with the device
Make sure all packaging that must be removed from the device is removed
What is the most common mistake setting up printers?
selecting the wrong driver
Which printer driver is a device-independent printer language capable of high-res graphics and scalable fonts?
PostScript
Which printer driver has the majority of image processing done by printers?
PostScript
PostScript vs PCL: Which has printers print faster?
Postscript
Which printer driver defines files as a raster image?
Postscript
Which printer driver is a set of printer commands greatly expanded from ASCII?
PCL
Which printer driver has text-based output in mind, though it does support graphics?
PCL
What is the most recent version of PCL?
PCL6
What are the features of PCL6?
scalable fonts and additional line-drawing commands
What is the main disadvantage of PCL?
PCL uses commands, and these commands must be supported by each printer model. This makes it less portable.
T/F: when adding a printer in Windows, installing a local printer does not add networked printers.
False. Installing a Local Printer is used to install standalone network printers using an IP address
What do most wired printers use to connect?
a USB type A to USB type B connector
T/F: Wireless printers should use ad hoc connections for easy configuration.
False. Avoid ad hoc connections for security
T/F: Most network printers come with an integrated 802.11 WiFi adapter
True
What are the steps for setting up a printer share?
- Assumes the system has printer sharing services loaded
- Go to devices and printers settings in the control panel
- right-click the name of the printer you want to share
- select printer properties (not Printers)
- select the sharing tab
- Click “share this printer”, add a share name, and click OK or Apply
If you want to use a printer on the network, but it doens’t have ethernet or WiFi, what do you do?
Buy a print server to connect it to the network
What are the 3 considerations for using a print server?
- May not be able to use all the features of an MFD on a print server
- Check if your router has an integrated print server
- Print servers aren’t necessarily standalone devices. Windows systems can be a print server to
What resolution setting makes decent images from a scanner?
2400 x 2400 dpi or better
What color setting makes decent images from a scanner?
48-bit or better
With scanner color depth, each bit adds how much additional information?
it doubles the color detail
What scanner feature simplifies selecting quality settings?
graphic or text setting presets
Printer/scanner user authentication works with what other system?
Windows domains
Having some people only able to print black and white is an example of what?
User authentication security
What are three considerations for securing printer/scanner data?
- sensitive data may be cached on the printer’s drive
- common to remove this feature or schedule deletion of cache
- user authentication on the printer prevents people from changing these settings
Where is it common to use badging on printers/scanners?
For photocopy to prevent copying and stealing information
What kind of badging technology is commonly used for printers/scanners?
NFT
Where can you find printer/scanner logs?
often reside in the printer itself, but may also work with Windows Event Viewer or Linux Syslog
How does secured printers work?
- user enters a password or PIN before the print job starts
- job does not automatically print
- user must enter the passcode again at the printer
If you use SMB as a network scan service, where do you find your scanned image?
in a networked folder
How can using SMB as a network scan service be a security concern?
when older version of the protocol is supported
What is an imaging drum?
aluminum cylinder coated with particles of photosensitive compounds.
What is a fuser assembly?
Sticks the toner to the paper
Where can you find the fuser assembly?
- almost always separate from the toner cartridge
- Usually close to the bottom of the toner cartridge and has two rollers to fuse the toner
What is the transfer belt?
Allows the printer to print multiple colors at one time on the paper
What is the transfer roller (transfer corona)?
Transfers image from the drum to the paper
What are the pickup rollers?
picks up paper from the tray
What are the separation pads?
separates paper picked up by the tray
What is the duplexing assembly?
reverses the paper for two-sided printing
What is the imaging processing step where CPU processes the image and sends it to the printer where the printer finishes processing?
processing
What is the imaging processing step where to make the drum receptive to new images, primary corona wire or primary charge roller applies negative charge to the entire surface of the drum?
charging
What is the imaging processing step where a laser creates a positive image on the surface of the drum?
exposing
What is the imaging processing step where lesser negative charge parts of the drum attracts toner particles?
developing
What is the imaging processing step where transfer corona or transfer roller gives the paper a positive charge and negative charged toner leaps onto the paper?
transferring
What is the imaging processing step where toner particles are melted to the paper?
fusing
What is the imaging processing step where a rubber cleaning blade scrapes the drum.
cleaning
What is your ultimate source of replacement printer parts?
the printer manufacturer
When should you clean a printer
each time you replace the toner cartridge
How do you clean a laser printer
- clean excess toner, paper dust (paper dander)
- use compressed air (outside) or an low static vacuum (toner vac)
- clean rubber guide rollers. clean with 90% or better denatured alcohol
- each printer has its own cleaning method
- don’t scratch the drum
- clean ozone, follow the manufacturer’s recommendation
- clean fuser & transfer corona with 90% or better denatured alcohol
What are included in manufacturer’s maintenance kits for printers?
typically includes replacement parts such as a fuser, rollers and pads
What is the purpose of printer calibration
ensures the quality of color prints
What is the purpose of printer calibration registration?
ensure that each color prints in the correct location
What is the purpose of printer color calibration?
ensures that the printer lays down the right amount of each color
When do you replace toner?
when your printer says to do it
T/F: If an inkjet is used within parameters, does not require much maintenance
True
T/F: Most inkjet manufacturers recommend periodic cleaning
False
What part of an inkjet printer contains the ink?
Ink cartridge
What part of an inkjet printer is connected to a carriage that contains the ink?
print head
What part of an inkjet printer grabs paper from a paper tray?
roller
What part of an inkjet printer advances pages through the feeder?
feeder
What part of an inkjet printer allows two sided printing?
duplexing assembly
What part of an inkjet printer moves the carriage (printheads) back and forth so ink can cover the page?
carriage belt
How do you clean inkjet heads
- water works better than denatured alcohol to clean them
- older printers you could start cleaning process via a printer button or menu
- current inkjets have a maintenance program built into Windows
- only recommended when there is a problem, because it uses a lot of ink
- best maintenance is to print regularly. If you don’t have anything real to print, print a test page
How do you replace inkjet cartridges
pretty easy, but the exact process can differ. Reference the documentation
How do you calibrate inkjet printers?
can be done anytime from the printer maintenance software
What causes injet printer jams?
can be caused by humidity or printer overheating causing pages to stick together
What thermal printer component burns dots into the surface of the heat-sensitive thermal paper?
heating element
T/F: retail businesses don’t use feed assemblies in their thermal printers
False. many retail businesses still use thermal paper for receipts, using large rolls of thermal paper housed in a feed assembly.
How do you replace thermal printer paper
slide off the old roll and replace it with a new one. Remember to feed the paper through the heating element
How do you clean thermal printer’s heating element
- turn off the thermal printer and open it according to manufacturer’s instructions
- use denatured alcohol and a lint-free cloth to wipe off the heating element
How do you remove debris from thermal printers
clean rollers with a cloth and compressed air to remove debris
Which impact printer component is the case that holds the printwires?
print head
Which impact printer component is inked paper that the printer strikes to produce images on paper
ribbon
Which impact printer component is dot-matrix continuous feed paper with holes on the side
tractor feed
Which impact printer component is special paper that can print receipts in duplicate, triplicate, or more
Impact paper
What do you do if an impact printer print covered with dots and small smudges
clean platen with denatured alcohol
What do you do if characters degraded or grown faint over time and the impact printer used frequently.
Printhead may be wearing out, replace it
What do you do if an impact printer print covered with dots and small smudges?
try adjusting printhead closer to the platen
What do you do if an impact printer print is ok on one side of paper but fades on the other?
platen is out of adjustment, take to repair center/warranty repair
What do you do if an impact printer prints white lines through text?
points to dirty print head. if you have problems, try cleaning the printhead with denatured alcohol. if that doesn’t fix the problem, replace the print head.
What do you do if an impact printer characters look chopped off at top or bottom
printhead needs to be adjusted. Refer to manufacturer’s instructions
How do you replace impact printer paper
swap the roll of paper/move the new ream into position, then feed the new paper
What is the farthest and the fastest a single mode fiber optical cable has traveled?
319 terabits per second up to 1800 miles
Which two pieces of hardware allows you to switch features on or off such as wireless networking, cellular networking, and bluetooth?
-Hardware Switches
-Function keys
What are the benefits to using hardware switches/function keys to turn off wifi, cellular, GPS and/or bluetooth?
To save battery life
What should you look for if you are typing numbers when you are expecting to get letters?
The number lock function key is turned on
What are special keys used on many laptops that enable some keys to perform a third duty?
Function Keys
What are the 7 steps of laser printer printing in order?
- Processing
- Charging
- Exposing
- Developing
- Transferring
- Fusing
- Cleaning
Which motherboard form factor is 4.7 x 4.7 inches?
Nano-ITX
Which motherboard form factor is 6.7 inches square?
mini-ITX
Which motherboard form factor is 3.9 x 2.8 inches?
pico-ITX
What is the max cable length of USB 2.0?
5 meters
What is the max cable length of USB 3.X?
3 meters
What is the speed of USB 3.2 Gen 2?
15 Gbps
What is the speed of USB 3.2 Gen 2x2?
20 Gbps
How many devices can Thunderbolt support at once?
6
Thunderbolt can send what kind of data over mini-display port and USB-C (TB 3)?
PCIe and Display Port data
What is the max length of Fiber optic Thunderbolt?
60 meters
What video connection uses a 19-pin Type A connection?
HDMI
Which RAM requires a constant electrical charge and a periodic refresh of its circuits?
DRAM
What type of RAM is used in CPU’s cache?
SRAM
Active or Passive?
DVI-I to VGA
Passive
Active or Passive?
HDMI to DVI
Passive
Active or Passive?
DisplayPort to Mini-DisplayPort
Passive
Active or Passive?
DVI-D to VGA
Active
Active or Passive?
HDMI to Display Port
Active
Active or Passive?
VGA to HDMI converter
Active
Which DVI is designed to carry either Anolog or Digital signal?
DVI-I (Integrated)
Which COAX cable is recommended for CATV, satellite, TV antenna or broadband internet?
RG-6
Which COAX cable has higher bandwidth and longer transmission distances?
RG-6
Which COAX cable is thinner?
RG-59
Which COAX cable is suitable for short-distance transmissions?
RG59
Which COAX cable is better for CCTV systems and other analog signals?
RG59
Which COAX cable is digital?
RG6
Which coaxial connector is commonly used for “over the air” terrestrial television, cable television and universally for satellite television and cable modems usually with RG-6/U cable or with RG-59/U cable?
F connector
Is SRAM static or volatile?
volatile
between SRAM and DRAM, which holds its data permanently in the presence of power?
SRAM
between SRAM and DRAM, which has its data decay in seconds and must be refreshed?
DRAM
B-Key, M-Key, and B+M Key slots are designed for what kid of form factor?
M.2
Which M.2 slots have a PCIe x2 bus connection?
B-Key and B+M Key
Which M.2 slot have a PCIe x4 bus connection?
M-Key
What is the bit width and max speed of PCI?
32 or 64-bit bus
533 MB/s
What is a common connector type providing power to graphics cards, CPUs, older types of storage media or cooling fans on the PC motherboard is generally referred to as?
Molex connector
What is the main power connector used in modern ATX power supplies?
24-pin connector
What are the 5 features of UEFI
- DRM Support
- Mouse Support
- GUI mode
- Secure Boot
- Network Access
What is the highest level of permission in BIOS?
Supervisor
What provides full disk encryption capabilities and is integrated into the motherboard?
TPM
What is a security device that you can add to a system to manage, generate and securely store cryptographic keys?
HSM
Between TPM and HSM, which is an international standard?
TPM
What MFD/MFP feature optimizes processing of multi-page documents?
Automatic Document Feeder (ADF)
