220-1102 Operating Systems Flashcards
What is the max amount of RAM usable by Windows 10 Home?
128 GB
What does a Windows Domain require to operate?
A Windows Server
What is the most fundamental network organization used in Windows networks where every computer stores all its own users and passwords?
Workgroups
Which network organization has individual computers log into a server and the server stores its own set of usernames and passwords that are separate from the local usernames?
Domain
What is the primary advantage of a Windows Domain?
Single sign-on (SSO)
If you want to log into a domain, what is the most basic edition of windows 10 you need?
Windows 10 Pro
How much RAM does Windows 10 Pro support?
2 TB
Which 4 features does Windows 10 Pro have over Home
- Domains
- Group Policies
- Bitlocker
- Remote Desktop Protocol
How much RAM is supported for Windows 10 Pro for Workstations and Windows 10 Enterprise?
6 TB
What feature is available in Windows 10 Enterprise that is not available in Windows 10 Pro for Workstations?
long-term servicing branch (LTSB)
What three things does long-term servicing branch (LTSB) accomplish?
- turns off automatic updates
- removes the Microsoft Store
- Skips installing the Edge web browser
How do you purchase Windows 10 Enterprise?
Through a Microsoft Sales Representative
What is the term for when a new OS installs into the same folders as the old OS?
Upgrade Installation
What are two other terms for OS upgrade installation?
In-place upgrade and repair installation
In the command line, what do you type after a command to get help?
/?
Which command line command will list the creation date, creation time, file size in bytes, filename and extension of all files in the working directory?
dir
Which command line command changes the working directory?
cd
In the command line, how do you change drives
Type the drive letter and a colon
In the command line, how do you make a new directory?
md or mkdir
Which make directory command works in all operating systems?
mkdir
In the command line, how do you remove a directory?
rd or rmdir
Which remove directory command works in all operating systems?
rmdir
Which command line tool provides a great way to see if you can talk to another system?
ping
Which command line tool gives you a quick glance at your network settings?
ipconfig
Which command line tool enables you to determine exactly what information the DNS server is giving you about a specific host name?
nslookup
Which command line tool shows the route that a packet takes to get to its destination?
tracert
Which command line tool works like copy, but has multiple switches that gives it the power to work with multiple directories?
xcopy
Which command line tool copies one file?
copy
Which command line tool moves one file?
move
Which command line tool is an advanced copy tool which includes features such as copying over the network and copying encrypted files?
robocopy
Which command line tool scans, detects, and repairs file system issues and errors?
chkdsk
With chkdsk, what does the /f switch do?
attempts to fix file system-related errors
With chkdsk, what does the /r switch do?
attempts to locate and repair bad sectors
Which command line tool allows you to format volumes?
format
Which command line tool displays the hostname of the computer?
hostname
Which command line tool opens a GUI information panel that displays some version information about windows?
winver
What is the older version of winver that actually outputs information into the command prompt?
ver
Which command line tool gives you a quick overview of all security policies applied to a single user or computer?
gpresult
Which command line tool scans, detects, and restores important Windows system files, folders and paths?
sfc
Which command line tool allows you to force a workstation to update to new policies?
gpupdate
Which command line tool enables you to shut down or restart a computer?
shutdown
Which command line tool allows you to see all the connections between your computer and any other computer?
netstat
Which command line tool can pull some neat user-related tricks such as adding and deleting users, setting passwords, and enabling or disabling an existing account?
net user
What action does the following command line perform?
net user administrator SuperSecurePassword/active:yes
enables the super secret hidden administrator account and gives it a secure password
What tab on the task manager will list every running process?
Processes tab
If you don’t see the processes tab in the task manager, what button do you press?
More Details
Which tab on the task manager is a great resource to get an overview of resource usage on your system?
Performance tab
Where can you go in the task manager to to control autostarting programs?
The Startup tab
If you are having trouble figuring out what programs and services are autostarting on your system, what tool would you use?
Microsoft’s free Autoruns utility
Where can you go in the task manager to see applications running on a per-user basis?
Users tab
Where can you go in the task manager to see processes that aren’t applications?
Services tab
What is Microsoft’s framework used to support and launch special programs called snap-ins?
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
What does CompTIA call MMC snap-ins?
Additional tools
Which Windows tool can track metrics such as CPU and RAM over time?
Performance monitor
In Performance monitor, what is a system component that is given a set of characteristics and can be managed by the operating system as a single entity?
an object
In Performance monitor, what tracks specific information about an object?
A counter
In Performance monitor, what are groups of counters you can use to make reports?
Data Collector Sets
What is the Windows tool that displays events that your system monitors and logs?
Event Viewer
Which log in event viewer records anything that has to do with applications or programs outside the Windows system files themselves?
Application log
Which log in event viewer records security events such as failed logons?
Security log
Which log in event viewer tracks setup and update events for Windows?
Setup log
Which log in event viewer tracks anything having to do with the Windows operating system?
System log
What is a digital key that enables your programs to encrypt data that may only be read by a corresponding key on the receivers side?
A certificate
What do you use when the task manager doesn’t give you enough detail and control?
Resource Monitor
What tool do you use to edit and troubleshoot operating system and program startup processes and services?
System Configuration
Which System Configuration tab allows you to select the type of startup you would like to use for the next boot?
General tab
Which System Configuration tab contains advanced boot features?
Boot Tab
Which System Configuration tab is similar to the services tab in the Task Manager?
Services tab
Which System Configuration tab lets you launch Task Manager to enable you to toggle on or off any startup programs?
Startup tab
Which System Configuration tab lists many of the tools and utilities available in Windows?
Tools tab
Which registry root key defines the standard class objects used by Windows?
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
Which registry root key stores the current user’s settings?
HKEY_CURRENT_USER
Which registry root key stores all of the personalized information for each user?
HKEY_USERS
Which registry root key contains all the data for a system’s non-user-specific configurations?
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
Which registry root key defines which options are being used when there are more than one option?
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
Which Windows tool is the primary graphical tool for partitioning and formatting drives after installation?
Disk Management
Which tool is used to remove temporary files and free up space in Windows?
Disk Cleanup
What tool would you use to schedule maintenance?
Task Scheduler
When you use Window’s built-in scheduling options, what are you actually using?
Task Scheduler
What is the key to using the Task Scheduler?
Knowing the names of the executable programs and any special switches you may need to enter
How does Task Scheduler divide tasks?
- Triggers
- Actions
- Conditions
What is the executable for the Task Scheduler snap-in?
taskschd.msc
What tool allows you to examine the state of all the hardware and drivers in a Windows computer?
Device Manager
What tool can you use to configure both users and groups?
Local Users and Groups (lusrmgr.msc)
How can you get a very detailed report on a Windows system’s hardware and software?
System Information (msinfo32.exe) utility
Which control panel applet has settings that affect Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge and potentially any other program that uses the Internet?
Internet Options
Which Internet Options tab has settings to control the most basic features of Internet Explorer such as home page, tab management, browsing history, searching and other appearance controls?
General Tab
Which Internet Options tab enables you to adjust security settings for a particular zone, such as the Internet, your local intranet, trusted sites and restricted sites?
Security Tab
Which Internet Options tab works a lot like the security tab, except it controls privacy matters?
Privacy Tab
Which Internet Options tab controls what your browser will and will not display such as insecure or objectionable in addition to tweaking the AutoComplete feature?
Content tab
Which Internet Options tab enables you to set up a connection to the Internet via broadband or dial-up, connect to a VPN, or adjust some LAN settings?
Connections tab
Which Internet Options tab has settings to control add-ons for Internet Explorer, controls what editor to use for editing HTML, and settings to control how IE works at a granular level?
Programs and Advanced tabs
Which applet in the control panel would be used to set up a printer?
Devices and Printers applet
Which applet in the control panel would be used to adjust paper size for a printer?
Devices and Printers applet
Which control panel applet can you use to uninstall some non-system updates and uninstall programs?
Programs and Features
Where can you find Data Execution Prevention (DEP) settings?
In performance options window in the system app.
Which tool works in the background to stop viruses and other malware from taking over programs loaded in system memory?
Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
Where is firewall port blocking and security logging built into each installation of Windows?
Windows Defender Firewall
Where can you find Windows Defender Firewall?
The Windows Defender Firewall applet in Control Panel
Where in Windows can you change port-security, set up exceptions, or adjust application security by adding exception to let specific programs and services pass through the firewall?
Windows Defender Firewall
In addition to the Windows Defender Firewall applet, where can you change Windows Defender Firewall settings?
The Windows Security app
What different networks can you configure firewall settings for in Windows Defender Firewall
- Domain (controlled by a domain controller)
- Private
- Guest or Public
The network discovery settings dictates whether a computer can find other computers or devices on a network and vice versa and can override the network discovery settings?
Windows Defender Firewall
How are Microsoft email accounts typically configured on home users computers today?
By logging into the computer with your Microsoft Account
What is the easiest way to configure an Exchange server on your enterprise computer?
Log into the computer with your Microsoft Account
Where can you change mail settings in Windows?
The mail applet in the control panel and also in Outlook directly
Where can you change speaker and speaker settings in Windows?
The Sound applet/preferences in the control panel
Which Windows tool controls which files and folders are indexed?
Indexing Options
How do you get to Indexing Options in Windows?
Click Indexing Options in the Control Panel
Which Control Panel utility allows you to open a specific set of applets like a super applet launcher?
Administrative Tools
In Windows, which applet enables you to personalize what File Explorer shows you?
File Explorer options
Which section of File Explorer options has options such as Always show icons, never thumbnails, Hide empty drives, Always show availability status?
View Options
Which section of File Explorer options has options to control where File Explorer opens to or to control privacy?
General Options
In Windows, what allows you to customize a balanced, power saver, or high performance settings?
Power Plans
What kind of settings can you control in power plans?
When the screen turns off, when the computer goes to sleep or when it hibernates
Which options controls whether a computer provides power to devices when the computer is off?
USB selective suspend
In Windows, how can you control USB selective suspend
It is in the control panel under Power Options in the Advanced settings menu
In Windows, where can you customize the OS to fit people with physical limitations?
The Ease of Access Center in the Control Panel
What kind of accessibility options can be found in the Ease of Access center?
Magnifier, Narrator, On-screen Keyboard, Sticky Keys (key combinations pressed one key at a time) and Filter Keys (ignore double taps)
Which windows settings category would you use to set the time and date, add languages to the PC and adjust speech settings?
Time & Language
In the Date & Time section of the Time & Language settings category, which two settings would you select to automatically set the date and time based on the devices current location?
- Set Time automatically
- Set time zone automatically
In the Time & Language settings category, which section controls which apps you can use from the Windows store and will also help app makers deliver localized content?
Region
Which Time & Language settings category allows you to change some Cortana settings, such as which language you use to interact with you device?
Speech
Which settings category configures how and when Windows and Store app updates are delivered and provides a button to launch the Windows Security app to configure anti-malware?
Update & Security
Which settings category lets you change how Windows looks to suit your preferences?
Personalization
Which settings category lists all the apps installed on your system, enables you to uninstall any of the listed apps, and view and change what apps autostart when your system starts up?
Apps
Which settings category enables you to limit the extent to which Windows collects data?
Privacy
Which settings category is a combination of settings including display options, sound, bluetooth, notifications & actions, focus assist and power & sleep
System
Which settings category enables you to make mundane adjustments to attached devices?
Devices
Which settings category allows you to configure connections, adapters, network sharing, dial-up, VPN and proxy settings?
Network & Internet
Which settings category allows you to enable the Game Mode option?
Gaming
Which settings category includes a wide range of options for configuring Windows accounts, privileges and permissions?
Accounts
Common Internet File System (CIFS) and Samba are forms of what?
Server Message Block (SMB)
When sharing over the network with NTFS, what two things do you have to configure for people to have access?
- Network permissions
- NTFS permissions
Operations that need high performance networked storage often implement what?
Storage Area Network (SAN)
In Windows, if you copy a file from a network share to another location, what happens to the file attributes?
They stay the same
How do you want to organize networks with many computers (over 30 for example)?
With Domains
What is the main advantage of domains?
Centralized control of user accounts, passwords, and access to resources
When around the clock access to a single authoritative copy of important files are needed, what should you use?
File server
What are the 4 network print security concepts?
- User Authentication
- Badging
- Audit Logs
- Secured prints
When sharing printers, where can you configure user authentication in Windows?
in Printers and Scanners
How does secured prints work?
When a user prints something, the computer asks for a password or PIN code. The user then enters the password or PIN code at the printer for it to print
Where can sensitive information reside in a printer?
On a hard drive or other storage media used to cache copies of documents
What can you do to mitigate security issues related to cached documents in a multifunction printer?
- disable caching
- schedule regular deletion
- manually clear the cache
What can user authentication on a multi-function printer prevent?
Users from changing security settings
Where can you configure Windows Defender Firewall
the Windows Security app
What is application security in relation to firewalls?
Allows specific programs and services to pass through the firewall
What is a dedicated Internet appliance that acts as an endpoint for a VPN?
Endpoint Management Server
What does the COMPTIA A+ objectives call a cellular connection?
Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
What is the most likely use for using the Internet Options applet?
To configure legacy intranet applications or proxy servers
What is a metered connection?
One in which you pay based on how much data is used
What happens in Windows if you indicate a connection is metered?
This will cause well-behaved apps to minimize their data use
For software, what kind of CPU requirement is most common?
32-bit vs 64-bit software
64-bit software needs a 64-bit processor to run, but what about 32-bit software?
It depends on the OS. Windows can run 32-bit software, but MacOSX has removed that support
T/F: Updates to the OS or software can break compatibility.
True
What provides a method for other programs to communicate with the hardware of the PC or device, creates a UI, enables users to determine the available installed programs to run, to add, move delete installed programs and data and to secure the system?
The Operating System
What does CompTIA call the concept where the software the user needs can restrict the list of acceptable OS choices?
Compatibility concerns between OSs
Where is FAT32 mostly found today?
smaller (<32 GB) flash media USB drives
What is the NTFS advanced version of the file allocation table?
master file table (MFT)
How does NTFS provide enhanced redundancy?
By keeping a copy of the MFT in the center of the drive
How does NTFS provide enhanced security?
By using access control lists (ACLs) to control access to files and folders
What is NTFS’s encryption tool called?
encrypting file system (EFS)
What does NTFS disk quotas do for you?
Allows you to limit how much drive space each user can use
How large of partition does NTFS support by default?
16 TB
What is the largest drive that FAT32 can support?
2 TB
What is the largest file that FAT32 can support?
4 GB
What is the largest partition that exFAT can support?
64 ZB
What is the largest file that exFAT can support?
16 EB
What is the purpose of exFAT?
creating a filesystem for USB drives that can support larger partitions and files than FAT32
What is MacOS’s old filesystem?
Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+)
What is MacOS’s new filesystem?
Apple File System (AFS)
What is MacOS’s restriction when reading other OS’s filesystem?
NTFS is read-only
What is the largest volume that ext4 supports?
1 EB
What is the largest file-size that ext4 supports?
16 TB
How do you start the process of installing Windows?
insert a Windows installation medium, change the boot order in the system setup utility, and power on the system
What does CompTIA refer to as the “internet based boot method”?
Windows Media Creation Tool
What is the hidden partition in the computer that can be used to reinstall Windows?
recovery partition
What does CompTIA refer to as “internal hard drive (partition)”?
recovery partition
What is referred to when a tech boots up the computer, connects to a source location on the network, and then starts a Win 10/11 installation?
remote network installation
What does a client need enabled for a network boot?
Preboot Execution Environment (PXE)
How do you enable Preboot Execution Environment (PXE)?
enter setup and configure the on-board NIC for PXE boot
How can you perform a network boot with a NIC that doesn’t support PXE?
Use a boot medium that force the PC to boot from a mapped network location
What kind of Windows 10/11 install wipes out the old version as the new version is installed?
Clean Install
What kind of Windows install is performed on a new system with a completely blank mass storage drive?
Clean Install
What is the primary advantage and disadvantage of a clean install
Adv: don’t carry problems from the old OS over to the new one
Dis: need to back up and restore all data
What kind of installation do you use if you want to move from Windows 10 to 11?
Upgrade Installation
In what kind of Windows installation does the new old replace the old OS, but retains data, applications and personal settings?
Upgrade Installation
What other terms are used for Upgrade Installation?
in-place upgrade or repair installation
In what kind of install is a complete copy of a hard drive loaded up with Windows and application and is copied to each computer that needs Windows?
image deployment
Where does the computer look on MBR drives for instructions on how to boot a computer?
The first sector of the drive
What does the master boot record contain?
Boot instructions,
partition table
What is the max number of partitions allowed on a MBR drive?
4
What on a partition has the loading instruction for the OS on that partition?
partition boot sector
What types of partitions does a MBR partition support?
Primary and Extended partitions
What type of MBR partition supports bootable operating systems?
Primary partitions
What are the max number of primary and extended partitions?
Up to 4 primary or up to 3 primary and one extended
How do extended partitions get around the partition limit to allow more Windows drive letters?
An extended partition may contain multiple logical drives, each of which can get a drive letter
What are the improvements in GUID partition tables (GPT) over MBR?
- GPT drive can have almost unlimited number of primary partitions
- GPT partitions have no restriction on partition size
Windows limits the number of GPT partitions to what?
128
What is the largest allowable MBR partition?
2.2 TB
What is a re-creation of the master boot record from MBR drives so that disk utilities know it is a GPT drive and doesn’t mistakenly overwrite any partition data?
LBA 0 protective MBR
What does GPT use instead of a master boot record and partition table?
A GPT header and partition entry array
Where is the GPT header and partition entry array located and why?
beginning and end of the drive for redundancy
What is required to use GPT?
A UEFI motherboard
What kind of Apple installation file is a collection of files that MacOS can mount as a volume visible within Finder?
Apple Disk Image (.dmg)
If a .dmg file contains an application bundle (.app), how do you install it?
Drag the .app file to the Applications folder
What kind of MacOS file will launch an installer program similar to those that are common in Windows?
application installer (.pkg)
What method of installing software on MacOS is similar to installing software on a phone?
The Mac App Store
What are the 3 ways to uninstall software on Windows?
- Run the program’s uninstaller
- Use the Programs and Features Control Panel applet
- Apps & Features in Settings
What are the ways to uninstall software on MacOS?
- Open launchpad app, click and hold an app icon until the icons wiggle, click the ‘x’
- Drag the app to the trash
- run the uninstaller
When CompTIA talks about corporate restrictions in the context of Apple ID, what does that mean?
Is probably referring to Managed Apple ID, which organizations can set up through the Apple Business Manager.
What is the purpose of Managed Apple ID?
Restrict the data synchronization and other cool features of an Apple ID
In MacOSX, where can you find Dock, Mission Control, AppleID, FileVault and Spotlight?
System Preferences/System Settings
Where in system preferences would you go to configure things such as display resolution, brightness, color, and how multiple displays are arranged?
Displays
Where in system preferences do you go if you need to change settings such as: setting up rare network types, configuring preferred Wi-Fi networks, TCP/IP settings, and DNS settings?
Network
Where in system preferences do you go to configure printers, document/photo scanner and combination all-in-one printer/scanner devices?
Printers & Scanners
Where in system preferences do you go to change special privacy permissions and which apps and processes have been granted those permissions?
Privacy
Where in system preferences do you go to configure MacOS to better support special needs/handicaps?
Accessibility
Where in system preferences do you go to configure backing up (and restoring) files and folders?
Time Machine
What is MacOSX’s solution for multiple desktops which can have different backgrounds and apps, but keep the same Dock?
Spaces
Which MacOSX feature lets you see all your open apps at a glance and quickly switch between them?
Mission Control
What is the MacOSX version of File Explorer?
Finder
What feature of MacOSX runs along the bottom of the screen and holds running and pinned applications?
Dock
Which features in MacOSX is the global system search tool?
Spotlight
Which MacOSX utility can you use to fix any problems with the disk?
Disk Utilities
Which MacOSX tool is used to encrypt a storage device?
FileVault
How do you force quit an application in MacOSX?
-select Force Quit from the Apple menu
- holding the option key and right clicking the app in the dock
- via the Activity Monitor app
Which linux command help you diagnose storage space issues?
df
Which linux command writes the status of current processes?
ps
Which linux command gives you information from a DNS server?
dig
Which linux command writes out the contents of one or more files?
cat
Common Internet File System (CIFS) and Samba are both forms of what?
SMB
Which Windows setting section allows you to limit permissions for apps?
Privacy
How can you see the contents of an ISO file?
Mount it
What are the default libraries in Windows?
Documents, Music, Pictures, and Videos
How many CPU sockets does Windows 10/11 Home support?
1
How many CPU sockets does Windows 10/11 Pro, Pro (Education) and Education versions support?
2
How many CPU sockets does Windows 10/11 Pro for Workstations and Enterprise support?
4
What is the snap-in executable for disk management?
diskmgmt.msc
What is the snap-in executable for the device manager?
devmgmt.msc
What is the snap-in executable for the Certificate Manager?
certmgr.msc
What is the snap-in executable for Local Users and Groups?
lusrmgr.msc
What is the snap-in executable for the Performance Monitor?
perfmon.msc
What is the snap-in executable for the Group Policy Editor?
gpedit.msc
In the internet properties dialogue box, which tab contains options for Home page, Startup, Tabs, and Browsing History?
General tab
In the internet properties dialogue box, which tab contains options for settings security levels for different zones?
Security tab
In the internet properties dialogue box, which tab contains options for location settings, pop-up blocker, disabling toolbars and extensions when in private browsing, and cookies?
Privacy tab
In the internet properties dialogue box, which tab contains options for clearing the SSL state, certificates, and autocomplete?
Content tab
In the internet properties dialogue box, which tab contains options for setting up an internet connection, VPNs, proxy settings and LAN settings?
Connections tab
In the internet properties dialogue box, which tab contains options, which has options for how your browser open links, managing add-ons, HTML editor, launching programs and file associations?
Programs tab
In the internet properties dialogue box, which tab contains advanced options for accessibility, browsing and security along with resetting all settings?
Advanced tab
What three things in Programs and Features can you install/uninstall (turn on or off)
Programs, updates and features
What section of the control panel gives you options for setting up a connection or network, troubleshooting networking problems, changing adapter settings, changing sharing settings and media streaming options?
Network and Sharing center
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure display, sounds, notifications, and power?
System
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure bluetooth, printer and mouse?
Devices
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to link your android or iphone devices?
Phone
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure wi-fi, airplane mode, and VPN
Network and Internet
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure the background, lock screen and colors?
Personalization
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to uninstall applications, set defaults and configure optional features?
Apps
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure accounts, email, sync work and family?
Accounts
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure speech, region and date?
Time and Language
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure Xbox Game Bar, captures and game mode?
Gaming
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure the Narrator, magnifier, and high contrast?
Ease of Access
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure find my files and permissions?
Search
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure location, camera and microphone?
Privacy
Which Windows 10 settings category allows you to configure Windows update, recovery and backup?
Update & Security
