220-1101 Networking Flashcards
Ports (2) for File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
20/21
Port for Secure Shell (SSH)
22
Port for Telnet
23
Port for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
25
Port for UDP Domain Name System (DNS)
53
Ports (2) for UDP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
67/68
Port for Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
80
Port for TCP LDAP?
389
Port for Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)
110
Ports (3) for UDP Server Message Block (SMB) / CIFS
137, 138, 139
Port for Internet Mail Access (IMAP)
143
Ports (2) for UDP Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
161/162
Port for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
389
Port for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
443
Port for TCP Server Message Block (SMB)/Common Internet File System (CIFS)
445
Port for Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
3389
Which communication protocol is connection oriented and makes sure the data is moving between the two systems are all received correctly?
TCP
Which communication protocol is connection-less and is used when performance is more important than all packets being correct?
UDP
DHCP and Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) are examples of a connection-less or connection-oriented protocol?
Connectionless
HTTPS and SSH are examples of a connection-less or connection-oriented protocol?
Connection-oriented
What connects the LAN to the WAN?
A router
What segments networks into broadcast domains (broadcast packets do not get routed)
A router
What communication protocol is typically used between routers?
TCP/IP
What do routers use to address traffic?
IP addresses
What is a smart repeater which memorizes MAC addresses and sends out data to the correct recipient?
Switches
What is a dumb repeater that sends data out to all recipients?
Hub
What device provides a common point of connection for network devices?
Switches
What do switches use to to address traffic?
Mac addresses
Which switches offer more features, has an IP address for configuration and offers virtual local networks (VLAN): Managed or Unmanaged?
Managed
Which switches are an automatic device where no configuration is required for it to start communicating: Managed or Unmanaged?
Unmanaged
What device extends the capabilities of a wireless Ethernet network?
Wireless Access Point (WAP)
Which wireless network is described by a single WAP servicing a given area and is appropriate for small homes?
Basic Service Set (BSS)
Which wireless network is described by more than one WAP, or wireless repeaters/extenders, and is appropriate for large homes, office buildings, and campuses?
Extended Basic Service Set (EBSS)
T/F: Wireless Access Points can also act as switches and routers?
True
T/F: Wireless Access Points can draw power from Power over Ethernet (PoE)?
True
What is a box with a row of female connectors in the front and permanent connections in the back, to which you connect the horizontal cables?
Patch Panel
What is the purpose of a Patch Panel
Keeps the technician from having to move horizontal cabling, which is very fragile.
What is the most common type of patch panel connection?
Punchdown Block (110-punchdown block)
What tool is used to connect UTP cables to a punchdown block?
Punchdown tool
What is the first line of defense in organizing networking cables?
Patch Panel
Which device protects the internal network from unauthorized access to and from the Internet?
Firewall
Which technology is used to provide power over a network connection?
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Which device can extend a PoE connection up to 100 meters to connect Ethernet devices such as security cameras?
Injector
What device can provide PoE to connected devices?
Switch
What are the three PoE Standards?
PoE: IEEE 802.3af
PoE+: IEEE 802.3at
PoE++: IEEE 802.3bt
T/F: Almost all Hubs have been replaced by switches?
True
What do Hubs use to address traffic?
MAC address
What device takes the incoming signal from the Internet and translates it into something the computer can understand?
Modem
What technology connects to ISPs using a standard telephone line with special equipment on each end to create always-on internet connections?
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Speed of traditional DSL?
1-3 Mbps
Speed of xDSL:
10-100 Mbps
What is plugged into phones to remove high-pitch screech of DSL signal?
DSL microfilters
What device is the connection between the fiber-to-the-node (FTTN)/fiber-to-the-premisis (FTTP) and the LAN?
Optical network terminal (ONT)
What devices has one connection for fiber and an Ethernet or coax connection for a router?
Optical network terminal (ONT)
Which device defines or labels the machine on the network?
Network interface card (NIC)
Which device breaks files into smaller data units to send across the network and reassembles the data it receives into whole files?
Network interface card (NIC)
Which devices is described when the motherboard has networking built in?
Network interface controller
What is the built in identifier for a NIC?
MAC address
What is described when switches that are automatically managed by a separate controller elsewhere on the network?
Software-defined networking (SDN)
What are the three frequency bands used by Wifi?
2.4 Ghz
5 Ghz
6 Ghz
What is a contiguous range of frequencies?
a band
Each Wi-Fi channel is how big (Mhz)?
20 Mhz
How many channels does 2.4 Ghz band have in other countries?
11-13 channels
What channels does the 2.4 Ghz band have in the US?
Channels 1, 6 and 11
How many channels does the 5 Ghz band have in the US?
25
What Wi-Fi band can “bond” two or four channels into wide (40 MHz) or ultra-wide (80 MHz) channel increasing throughput?
5 Ghz
Which Wi-Fi band is referred to as Wi-Fi 6E?
6 Ghz
Which Wi-Fi band can support bonding eight channels into one super-wide (160 MHz) channel?
6 Ghz
What must outdoor WAPs using the 6Ghz channel must support?
Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC)
What sends location, antenna height, and other details to central database and tells the WAP what channels it can use & power level?
Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC)
What technology creates small wireless networks for specific use cases?
Bluetooth
What technology uses 79 frequencies in the 2.45-Ghz range and frequency hopping?
Bluetooth
Which Bluetooth version supports speeds around 1 Mbps?
Version 1.1 and 1.2
Which Bluetooth version is backwards compatible and supports up to 3 Mbps?
Version 2.0 and 2.1
When Bluetooth v2.0 and 2.1 supports speeds up to 3 Mbps, what is it called?
Enhanced Data Rate (EDR)
Which Bluetooth version supports HS which supports speeds up to 24 Mbps, but accomplished over 802.11 connection after Bluetooth negotiation?
Version 3.0+
T/F: The High Speed (HS) feature of Bluetooth version 3.0+ is optional?
True
Which Bluetooth version is called Bluetooth Smart and largely focused on improving Bluetooth’s suitability for use in networked “smart” devices/appliances?
Version 4.0, 4.1 and 4.2
What are the features of Bluetooth v4.0, 4.1 and 4.2
reduces cost and power consumption
improves speed and security
introduces IP connectivity
Which Bluetooth version adds options to increase speed at the expense of range or by changing packet size?
Bluetooth 5
Which Bluetooth version adds better support for Internet of Things (IoT) devices?
Bluetooth 5
Bluetooth class with 100 mW power usage| 100 meters range?
Class 1
Bluetooth class with 2.5 mW | 10 meters?
Class 2
Bluetooth class with 1 mW | 1 meter?
Class 3
Which 802.11 version:
first Wi-Fi to operate in 5-Ghz
speeds up to 54 Mbps
about 150 feet range
802.11a
Which 802.11 version:
first Wi-Fi standard
speeds up to 11 Mbps
high likelihood of interference
300 ft range
802.11b
Which 802.11 version:
speeds up to 52 Mbps
300 ft range
2.4 Ghz ISM band, backwards compatable with 802.11b
802.11g
Which 802.11 version is the same as g, but adds the 5-Ghz band.
802.11n
Which 802.11 version requires all but hand-held devices to use multiple antennas to implement multiple in/multiple out (MIMO)?
802.11n
What does MIMO provide?
multiple connections and faster speeds
Which 802.11 version?
100+ Mbps
300+ feet
Runs on both 2.4 and 5 Ghz bands
Compatability: 802.11b, g, a (in some cases)
Security: SSID, MAC filtering, industry-standard WEP, WPA, WPA2
802.11n
Which 802.11 version is the first to employ transmit beamforming: a multiple antenna technology that helps get rid of dead spots?
802.11n
Which 802.11 version is the first to utilize dual-band operations: more advanced/expensive routers runs at both 5 Ghz and 2.4 Ghz?
802.11n
Which 802.11 version is the first to offer more streams, wider bandwidth and higher speed than 802.11n?
802.11ac (WiFi 5)
Which 802.11 version?
1+ Gbps
300+ feet
Security: SSID, MAC filtering, industry-standard WPA, WPA2
Compatability: 802.11a, b, g, n
802.11ac (WiFi 5)
Which 802.11 version is the first to offer a new version of MIMO called Multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO).
802.11ac (WiFi 5)
What does Multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) provide?
Gives a WAP the ability to broadcast to multiple users simultaneously
Which 802.11 version is the first to allow some WAPs support tri-band operations, adding a second 5-GHz signal?
802.11ac (WiFi 5)
Which 802.11 version ?
9+ Gbps
300+ feet
original devices can use both the 2.4-Ghz and 5-Ghz bands
Security: SSID, MAC filtering, industry-standard WPA2, WPA3
802.11ax (WiFi 6)
Wifi 6E is technically which specification?
802.11ax-2021
Which bands does 6E devices use ?
2.4, 5, and 6-Ghz
Which technology uses directional antennas, interconnects remote buildings when it’s hard or impractical to physically run cable to them?
Long-range fixed wireless
Which Long-range fixed wireless, licensed or unlicensed, uses specific equipment, gets approval from the FCC and pays for a license to use a specific frequency?
Licensed
Which Long-range fixed wireless, licensed or unlicensed, uses Wi-Fi standard (and the corresponding unlicensed spectrum) with special equipment?
Unlicensed
How does power affect Long-range fixed wireless signals?
Travels further and penetrates more obstacles.
T/F: There are regulations on how much power you can use with long-range fixed wireless?
True
What technology uses chips embedded in mobile devices that create elecromagnetic fields when these devices are close to each other?
NFC
What is the range of NFC?
a few centimeters to a few inches
What technology is used to exchange contact information, small files, or payment transactions?
NFC
What does a RFID tag consist of?
A chip and an antenna
What can can electronically read and identify RFID tags even without line of sight of the item?
RFID scanner
Most RFID tags are passive. What does that mean?
means it gets all the power it needs from the scanner’s signal
Which network host is a special computer that keep database that associate IP addresses with names?
DNS
Which network host manages a range of IP addresses and provides computers with an address from this pool?
DHCP Server
What do computers connecting to the networks do to get a DHCP lease?
Broadcast a DHCP request
Which networked host enables you to access a bunch of files and folders
Fileshare
Which network host is computer that shares a printer/printers with other computers?
Print Server
Anytime you plug a printer into a computer and share the printer over the network,what is it?
A print server
T/F: some routers may have an integrated print server?
True
T/F: print servers can always use all the features of a MFD?
False
What is the networked host you use to access e-mail messages?
Mail server
T/F: many mobile devices will query the e-mail server to configure port numbers and security types automatically?
True
What is used in UNIX-based operating systems (maxOS and Linux) to create information placed in log files?
Syslog
T/F: it’s common to have a single syslog server to collect syslog data from multiple systems?
True
What networked host stores the files that make up a Web Site and provides access to Web sites.
Web servers
What kind of programs are Apache HTTP Server and Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)?
Web Server Programs
What network host is
- A server that authenticates users
- authorizes what resources they may access, and
- logs these actions for accountability
Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA)
What are the main protocols of Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA)?
RADIUS and TACACS+
Which internet application blocks spam sent to users?
Spam gateways
Which internet application takes a traditional firewall and packages it with many other security services such as IPS, VPN, load balancing, antivirus, and many other features?
Unified threat management
Which internet application spreads traffic out over several routes or servers?
Load balancers
Which internet application enables multiple connections to the Internet to go through one protected computer?
Proxy servers
Which legacy/embedded system is designed to manage processes that are spread out over a wide area?
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
Which system helps with the problem of operating the system safety when something temporarily disrupts connectivity between parts of the system?
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
What are devices which actively use the Internet on their own during regular operation?
Internet of Things (IoT) devices
How many bits does IPv4 use?
32 bits
“10.” refers to which class?
Class A
“172.16-31” refers to which class?
Class B
“192.168.” refers to which class?
Class C
What type of addresses are Class A, B and C?
Private Addresses
If an address is not Class A, B or C, what are they?
Public Addreesses
What network field identifies the network vs the local computer?
Subnet Masks
How many bits does IPv6 use?
128 bits
IPv6 uses how many hexadecimal numbers?
8 sets of 4
What does IPv6 use as a separator?
colons
What are the three rules of IPv6 shorthand?
- leading zeros can be removed
- sets of 0 can be removed.
- multiple consecutive 0 sets can be removed, but only once
What is the IPv6 loopback address?
::1
What is the IPv4 loopback address?
127.0.0.1
What is the CIDR notation for IPv4 and IPV6 also known as?
prefix length
In IPv6, the prefix is never longer than what?
/64
How many of the last bits of an IPv6 address is generated by the NIC?
64
In IPv6, what does the computer generate when first booted up?
The link local address
In IPv6 link local address, what are the first 64 bits?
fe80::
What two ways are the second 64 bits of a link-local address generated?
1: current operating systems generate a random number
2: old OS’s used the devices MAC address to create a number called an Extended Unique Identifier, 64-bit (EUI-64)
In IPv6, as long as you don’t need to connect to the internet, what is all you need?
A Link Local Address
In IPv6, to connect to the internet, you need what?
A global unicast address
In IPv6, where does the computer get a global unicast address?
The default gateway router
in IPv6, how does the computer get a global unicast address from the default gateway router?
- when a computer is plugged into a network, it sends out a router solicitation (RS) message
- router hears this message and responds with a router advertisement (RA)
- RA tells the computer its network ID and subnet (together called the prefix) and DNS server
in IPv6, when the computer has received the prefix from the default gateway, how does it generate the full IPv6 address?
The computer generates the rest of the address just like with the link local address
What process automatically assigns an IP address to the system when the client cannot obtain an IP address automatically?
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
What is Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) known as in non-Windows systems?
zeroconf
What is the Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) address range?
169.254.0.1 - 169.254.255.254
In networking, what kind of address is entered manually?
A static address
In networking, what kind of address is received automatically from DHCP server?
A dynamic address
In networking, what is an IP address on the LAN side of your router?
The Gateway address
What is how the DNS database keeps track of the names of individual systems on a network?
Address Records
How are the Address Records annotated on IPv4 and IPv6?
A: IPv4
AAAA: IPv6
On DNS, what enables the servers that handle outgoing e-mail to figure out where the e-mail for each domain should go?
Mail exchanger (MX)
What do spam gateways check on domains that send it mail?
DKIM, SPF and DMARC records
Which records enable receiving servers to verify that the message wasn’t modified in transit?
DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) records
Which records whitelists IP or DNS addresses allowed to send e-mail to its domain?
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) records
Which records enable domain owners to indicate what receiving servers should do with email that fails DKIM or SPF checks?
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) records
Which records enable domain owners to receive reports from large e-mail providers about the origin of the mail received from the domain
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) records
When a computer is given an IP address from the DHCP pool, it is called what?
Leases
When a computer is given a specific IP address when it sends a DHCP request, it is called what?
Reservations
What is a range of IP addresses a DHCP server has to choose from?
Scope
When managed switches create multiple LANs, it is called what?
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
What is an encrypted tunnel between two points?
Virtual private networking
A VPN tunnel entpoint acts as what?
A NIC
Which Internet Connection Type?
- usually 25 Mbps download and 3 Mbps upload
- dishes usually professionally installed
- coax cable runs from dish to modem
- high equipment/installation costs,
- disconnects in bad weather, high latency, and usage limits are common
Satellite
What Internet Connection Type uses light pulses?
Fiber
AT&T Internet (FTTN) speed?
1-20 Mbps upload and 10-100 Mbps download
AT&T Fiber (FTTP) speed?
300 Mbps to 6 Gbps download and upload
Verizon Fios (FTTP) speed?
300 Mbps - 1 Gbps upload and download
Google Fiber speed?
1-2 Gbps upload/download
What Internet Connection Type?
- uses regular TV cables (RG-6 or RG-59)
- uses modem to change from TV cable to Cat 5/6
- 5-25 Mbps upload and 15-2000+ Mbps download
Cable
What Internet Connection Type connects to ISP using a standard telephone line?
DSL
What type of DSL has slow upload speed and fast download speed?
asymmetric (ADSL)
What type of DSL has same upload and download speed, but may pay more for it?
symmetric (SDSL)
What Internet Connection Type is referred to by the ComptTIA objectives as wireless WAN (WWAN)?
Cellular
Which cellular generation was not designed to carry packetized data?
1G
What did Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) evolve into?
GPRS and EDGE –> UTMS, HSPA+ and HSDPA
GPRS and EDGE is which generation?
2.5 G
UTMS, HSPA+ and HSDPA is what generation?
3G and 3.5G
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) evolved into what?
EV-DO
EV-DO is what generation?
3G
2 and 3 G provides what speed?
under 10 Mbps
Long Term Evolution (LTE) 4G provides what speed?
1Gbps download and 100 Mbps upload
What does the IMT-2020 spec say 5G should provide for speed?
20 Gbps, but real world is often much slower
Which Internet Connection Type uses point-to-point long-range fixed wireless to get internet to the customer?
Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP)
What equipment does the customer need to install to get point-to-point long-range fixed wireless?
an antenna on the outside of their house
What network type is a group of computers located physically close to each other?
Local area network (LAN)
What network type is in the same broadcast domain?
Local area network (LAN)
Are LANs connected to each other using switches or routers?
Switches
What network type is a widespread group of computers connected using long-distance technologies?
Wide area network (WAN)
Are WANs connected to each other using switches or routers?
Routers
What network type links two computers via bluetooth for a quick wireless network?
Personal area network (PAN)
What network type is an 802.11 network that covers a single city?
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
In what network type does each server has access to block storage devices that live in a massive storage array?
Storage area network (SAN)
What is the network protocol for Storage area network (SAN) ?
iSCSI
What network type is like a LAN, but over IEEE 802.11
Wireless local area network (WLAN)
What network tool does a tech use to attach an RJ45 to the end of a UTP cable?
Crimper
What 4 steps are performed to use a Crimper?
- Cut the cable square using RJ45 crimpers or scissors
- Strip off one-half inch of plastic jacket from the end of the cable
- Slowly and carefully insert each individual wire into the correct location according to either ANSI/TIA 568A or B.
- Insert the crimp into the crimper and press
What network tool strips wire and is often included with in a crimper?
Cable stripper
What network tool is used to get information about Wi-Fi networks?
WiFi analyzer
What network tool emits a sound when it is placed near a cable connected to the tone generator and is used to trace cables?
Toner probe
What network tool connects UTP cables to a punchdown block, typically into a patch panel?
Punchdown tool
What network tool verifies that all the individual wires are properly connected and in the correct location?
Cable tester
What network tool is used in NIC diagnostic software to test a NIC?
Loopback plug
What network tool is a piece of network monitoring hardware that sits between devices on the network and copies the traffic between them for later analysis?
Network tap
What is an RU
A measurement of height in a server rack. 1RU = 1.75-inch
In Windows, What command enables you to view a network quickly from the command line?
net view
In Windows, How can you show any shares on a remote machine and whether they are mapped drives?
net view followed by computer name
In Windows, which command would you use to map network shares?
net use [drive] [network path]
In Windows, which command would you use to find your computer’s NetBIOS name?
nbtstat -n
In Windows, which command would you use to find the NetBIOS name of a remote machine?
nbtstat -A [ip address]
In Windows, which command would you use to see all the names that NetBIOS has in it’s local cache?
nbtstat -c
What is a brand name of tone generator made by the Triplett Corporation?
Fox and Hound
Which Wifi version has a max throughput of 100+ Mbps
802.11n
Which Wifi version operates on 2.4 and 5Ghz?
802.11n
Which Wifi version has a max throughput of 1+ Gbps?
802.11ac
Which Wifi version operates only on the 5Ghz frequency?
802.11ac
Which Wifi version has a max throughput of 9+ Gbps?
802.11ax
Which Wifi version operates on 2.4, 5, and 6 Ghz?
802.11ax
In what kind of wireless network do devices act like routers, forwarding traffic for each other and with one device serving as the gateway?
Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)
Which technology is considered 4G?
LTE
What do organizations use to filter employee Internet access for unsafe content?
proxy server
What allows organizations to monitor and restrict Internet access?
proxy server
Ports (2) for TCP NetBIOS?
137, 139
Ports (2) for UDP NetBIOS?
137, 138
How do you open a remote desktop connection?
On the remote PC, open Remote Desktop in settings and make sure it is on. Note the PC name.
On the local PC, open Remote Desktop Connection from the start menu, type in the remote PC name and connect.
Cat 6 provides 10-Gbps over how long of a distance?
55 meters
Cat 6A provides 10-Gbps over how long of a distance?
100 meters
Cat 5 and Cat 5e can provide 1-Gbps using how many pairs of wires?
all 4 pairs
Between single-mode and multi-mode fiber optics, which is more expensive?
Single-mode
Does single-mode user lasers or LEDs?
Lasers
Does multi-mode use lasers or LEDs?
LEDs
What two cable types are used to connect workstations with network devices
Straight through cable and patch cable
