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RRCCPA Human Anatomy Lecture > Study guide Spine, Spinal cord and ANS > Flashcards

Study guide Spine, Spinal cord and ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic __________ and __________ send signals to _________ via __________

A

barorecptors
chemoreceptors
brain
vagus nerve CN X

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2
Q

Why are there considered to be 8 cervical nerves?

A

This is because the Nerves C2-C7 emerge above the respective vertebra however 8 emerges below C7

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3
Q

What is only stimulated by the SNS

A
  1. Vascular smooth muscle (skin, Splanchnic, skeletal)

2. sweat glands and pilomotor (hair) muscles of skin

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4
Q

The perineum correlates to which dermatomes?

A

S4, S5

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5
Q

Achillis DTR is what dermatome?

A

S1,S2

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6
Q

Where is the sensory nerve cell located

A

In the dorsal root ganglion

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7
Q

Would see hyporeflexia with a lesion to what motor neuron?

A

LMN

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8
Q

Ureter pain can radiate to which dermatomes?

A

From T12 to L2

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9
Q

Atrophy of muscle would be a result of a lesion to what motor neuron?

A

LMN

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10
Q

parasympathetic portion of the motor ANS is what

A

craniosacral -parasympathetic nerves come from cranial and sacral portion

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11
Q

Name the tract that deals with light touch like a cotton swab?

A

Anterior spinothalamic tract

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12
Q

Describe referred pain?

A

A sensation comes into the spinal cord at one level but is interpreted as coming from another structure at the same spinal cord

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13
Q

Damage to the mechanoreceptors will cause what kind of affect

A

Well mechanoreceptors function is to detect light (crude) touch, fine (discriminative touch), pressure, vibration, proprioception

Damage to these would cause a lack of sensation

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14
Q

Esophagus pain can radiate to which dermatomes?

A

T4, T5

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15
Q

what part of the body does dermatome C8 corollate with?

A

Tip of the little (pinky) finger

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16
Q

At what level is the clonus medullaris in the adult?

A

this sits at the T12-L2/3 level

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17
Q

What are the three sensory receptors?

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors
  2. Thermoreceptors
  3. Nocireceptors
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18
Q

Heart pain can cause a sensation in what dermatomes?

A

T1, T2, T3, T4, T5

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19
Q

Chemoreceptor is the carotid are sensitive to what? and send their signal to ______ via the ________

A

-they are sensitive to pO2 and a lesser degree pCO2, pH

  • Medulla
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
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20
Q

What other are in the body would cause sensation in C3, C4, C5

A

the diaphragm

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21
Q

What stimulates Nocireceptors?

A

Tissue damaging stimuli

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22
Q

A spinal nerve is made up of what 2 things

A

Spinal nerve is formed by the junction of the sensory nerve root and motor nerve root

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23
Q

Sympathetic nervous system the neuron is in a _________ _________ _______ _______ and there is a _________ post-ganglionic fiber

A

paravertebral sympathetic trunk ganglion

Long

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24
Q

What spinal cord diseases are associated with motor defects

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Poliomyelitis

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25
Q

Where does the lateral spinothalamic tract decussate?

A

this tract decussates 1-2 levels above where it enters

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26
Q

Where do the orienting sensory inputs come from?

A

Spinocerebellar tract, vestibular apparatus (CN VIII), and extraocular muscles (CN III, IV, VI)

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27
Q

Dermatomes T12-L1 cover what part of the body

A

The groin

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28
Q

Carotid sinus contains ________ that send their signal to the _________ via the ___________

A
  • baroreceptors
  • Brian
  • Glossopharyngeal never
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29
Q

What do the sensory fibers that run next to the sympathetic fibers mainly concerned with?

A

visceral pain

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30
Q

The umbilicus is what dermatome?

A

T10

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31
Q

Someone kicks you in the posterior thigh, what dermatome did they stimulate

A

S2

32
Q

Name the two motor tracts?

A
  1. Lateral corticospinal (pyramidal) tract

2. Extrapyramidal tract

33
Q

People with depression have been known to cut the inner anterior thigh. What dermatome are they stimulating?

A

L3

34
Q

Flaccid paralysis is caused by a lesion to what motor neuron? Upper or Lower

A

Lower motor neuron

35
Q

What does the lateral corticospinal tract mediate

A

mediates volitional motor activity and decussates at medulla

36
Q

Sympathetic portion of the motor ANS is what

A

Thoracolumbar

37
Q

What is the breakdown of cervical vertebra

A

7- cervical vertebra- 8 nerves
12- Thoracic Vertebra- 12 nerves
5- Lumbar vertebra- 5 nerves
5- Sacral vertebra- 5 nerves and one coccygeal nerve

38
Q

pain in the chest or pericardium can be felt in what dermatomes and how or through what nerve?

A

Pericardium pain can radiate through C3, C4, and C5 because of the phrenic nerve

39
Q

What spinal cord disease is associated with sensory defect?

A

Tabes Dorsalis/ Romberg sign

40
Q

Where does the medial lemniscus tract decussate?

A

in the medulla

41
Q

What level is the clonus medullaris in an infant

A

The clonus medullaris in an infant can be as low as L3-L4

42
Q

If someone damaged the extrapyramidal tract would they have normal coordination still or decreased?

A

They would have decrease coordination because the extrapyramidal tract coordinates movement

43
Q

Vertebra have dorsal (posterior) and Ventral (anterior) horns, what do motor neurons come out of, what do sensory neurons travel in

A

Motor neurons go out from anterior (ventral) horns

Sensory- Posterior (dorsal root) horns

44
Q

Name the tract associated with discriminative touch, proprioception, position, vibration, fine pressure and touch

A

Dorsal column- Medial lemniscus tract-sensory

45
Q

What can cause spinal stenosis (narrowing of canal)

A
  1. Spondylosis- degenerative disc disease of the unconvertebral joint (cervical spine only)
  2. Degenerative facet joint (zygapophyseal joint)
  3. Hypertrophy of the posterior longitudinal ligament
  4. Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum
  5. or a combination of all of the above
46
Q

What dermatome is tested with the bicep DTR

A

C6

47
Q

What are the components to a reflex arc?

A 
A receptor – muscle spindle.
An afferent fibre – muscle spindle afferent.
An integration centre 
An efferent fibre – α-motor neurones.
An effector – muscle.
48
Q

What is dermatome C4

A

football shoulder pad area

49
Q

What kind of pain is associated with Nocireceptors

A

fast fibers: carry fast sharp pain and temp

Slow fibers: Carry slow aching/burning pain and temp

50
Q

What do you need to remember about referred pain with the appendix?

A

The appendix has dual transmission.

  1. Visceral via the SNS to T10
  2. Somatic via the peritoneum to RLQ
51
Q

Parasympathetic neurons have _______ preganglionic fibers and _________ post ganglionic fibers

A

Long

Short

52
Q

What is spondylosis and sequella

A

degenerative disc disease

53
Q

What does the T1 dermatome refer to?

A

Skin over the medial elbow

54
Q

Why do you have spasticity in a reflex with a lesion to the UMN

A

This is because you are not receiving any regulatory input from the cerebral cortex. A reflex arc does not require input from the brain to happen just to regulate the action

55
Q

What spinal cord diseases are associated with both sensory and motor defects

A

Brown sequard syndrome and anterior spinal artery syndrome

56
Q

visceral sensory fibers associated with parasympathetic fibers are mainly concerned with what?

A

relaying info to the CNS about the status of normal physiological processes and reflex activities

57
Q

Hypertonia would happen from a lesion to what motor neuron

A

UMN

58
Q

What is the function of an internuncial neuron?

A

These neurons relay information from afferent sensory neurons to efferent motor neurons

59
Q

Testing the tricep DTR correlates with what dermatome?

A

C7

60
Q

Stubbing the little toe sucks just as bad as big (great) toe. However what dermatome are you stimulating with the little toe?

A

S1

61
Q

The tip of the index finger refers to what dermatome

A

C7

62
Q

what dermatome is tested with the brachioradalis DTR

A

C6

63
Q

What is the sleep area dermatome?

A

C2

64
Q

If the tip of both your thumbs were cut off, which dermatome could you not test for?

A

dermatome C6

65
Q

People inject epi pens in the anterolateral part of the thigh. What dermatome are the stimulating?

A

L2

66
Q

Name the sensory tract that carries pain and temperature

A

Lateral spinothalamic tract

67
Q

Where does the anterior spinothalamic tract decussate?

A

at the level of entry or 10 levels above but before the medulla

68
Q

Nothing is worse than when you stub you big toe on something. What dermatome are you stimulating with this?

A

L4

69
Q

Stomach pain (we all love this) can radiate to which dermatomes?

A

T5, T6, T7

70
Q

The nipple line is what dermatome?

A

T4

71
Q

Do internuncial neurons increase or decrease level of response to pain

A

they increase the response

72
Q

Where can chemoreceptors be found?

A

in the aorta and carotid artery

73
Q

Patellar knee jerk DTR is what dermatome?

A

L3,L4

74
Q

What two test are used to test the medial lemniscus tract

A

Romberg sign, stereognosis

75
Q

upper abdominal DTR is what dermatome? and lower is what dermatome?

A

upper T8-T10

Lower T10-T12

76
Q

You would see hyperefelxia with a lesion to what motor neuron?

A

UMN

RRCCPA Human Anatomy Lecture (20 decks)

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