Fine Points in Anatomy of the Brain Flashcards
What is the Basal Ganglia functionally associated with?
Control of voluntary movements Procedural and habit learning Cognition Eye Movements Emotion
The Basal Ganglia are composed of what structures?
Striatum/Corpus Striatum = Composed of Caudate Nucleus* + Lentiform Nucleus
Lentiform Nucleus = (Putamen** and Globus Pallidus)
Substantia nigra
Subthalamic nucleus
Amygdala (almond) - controversial
The Caudate Nucleus is a ___ and ___ structure?
Curved and Complex
The Putamen (nut shell) is located ___ to the Thalamus (cushion)?
Lateral
What connects to the Caudate Nucleus?
The Putamen
The head of the Caudate Nucleus is just ____ to the anterior horn of the Lateral Ventricle
Anterior
The tail of the Caudate Nucleus follows the Lateral Ventricle posteriorly, then down, around, and anteriorly to where?
To the Temporal horn of the Lateral Ventricle - ends in the Amygdala (memory and emotions)
Adjacent to the Amygdala is what structure?
Hippocampus (memory and emotion)
The Globus pallidus (pale globe) and Putamen are know as what?
Lentiform Nucleus (lens shaped)
What arteries supply the blood to the Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule?
Lenticulostriate arteries (branches of the Middle Cerebral artery)
What are basal ganglia (nuclei)?
Masses of grey matter located deep to the cortex in each cerebral hemisphere
The Corpus striatum is involved with what function?
Regulation of movement
What structure/body of the Basal Ganglia is concerned with emotional behavior?
Amygdaloind body
What is the function of the Claustrum?
Uncertain/unknown function
The Internal Capsule separates the ____ and ____ from the ____ ____ ?
Separates the Caudate Nucleus and Thalamus from the Lentiform Nucleus (Globus pallidus and Putamen)
The posterior limb of the Internal Capsule contains what motor tract?
Corticospinal Motor Tract
The bend in the Internal Capsule is called what?
Genu (knee)
What does the bend in the Internal Capsule contain?
Corticobulbar (from the Cortex to the Bulb = the Brain Stem)
True/False: Sensory nerve fibers are found in both the anterior and posterior limbs of the Internal Capsule
True
The Cerebellum is commonly called the?
Little Brain
What are the functions of the Cerebellum?
Organizes Coordinates Modulates movement Inputs - Integration Outputs - create smoothly functioning movements
What does the Vestibulocerebellum (Flocculonodular Lobe) regulate? (and along with what features?)
Along with inputs from the eyes/vision and semicircular canals (Vestibular apparatus), the cerebellum regulates balance and eye movements
The Spinocerebellum: Along with what three structures, and vision, help regulate body and limb movements?
Along with the:
- Spinocerebellar tracts,
- Dorsal Columns/Medial lemniscus tracts
- Trigeminal Nerve
The Spinocerebellum:
What does the cerebellum regulation of body and limb movements specifically include?
Includes muscle tone, coordination of skilled voluntary movement, and position and status of the muscles and joints
The Cerebrocerebellum: Along with the cerebral cortex and sensory information, the cerebellum regulates what activity?
The planning and modulation of voluntary motor activity
What structure connect the Cerebellum with the Brain Stem?
Cerebellar Peduncles (the little feet)
The Cerebellar Hemispheres are comprised of what three areas?
- Spinocerebellum (superiorly)
- Cerebrocerebellum (posteriorly)
- Vestibulocerebellum (anteriorly)
What is the function of the Spinocerebellum?
Control of muscles tone and coordination
What is the function of the Cerebrocerebellum?
Motor planning, learning, and memory
What is the function of the Vestibulocerebellum?
Balance, postural adjustments, coordination of eye movements
What structure is located between the Cerebellar hemispheres and is part of the Spinocerebellum?
Vermis (worm like)
What is the Vermis functionally associated with?
posture and locomotion
