Head and neck study guide Flashcards by Cody Prentice

cerebral cortex is made up of Gyri, Sulci, and fissures true or false

True

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you can find the motor cortex and somatic motor association (premotor cortex) in the frontal lobe. True or False

True

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You can find the primary auditory cortex in the occipital lobe. true or false?

False, you would find the primary visual area

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Damage to the temporal lobe could also affect what conversion of memory?

short term to long term because the hippocampus is in the temporal lobe

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What is the function of the limbic system?

creation, modulation of emotion, memory, feeding, homeostatic regulation and mating

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What makes up the basal ganglia?

Lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus, Putamen), Caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus

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What is the function of the basal ganglia?

initiation, control and modulation of skeletal motor function.

Learning, cognition and memory

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Function of internal capsule?

transmits motor and sensory fibers

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Thalamus does what with incoming info?

it processes and relays sensory info

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What are some diseases of the Extrapyramidal system?

Parkinsons- degeneration of globus pallidus and substantia nigra
Tardive dyskinesia
Huntingtons chorea
Syndehams chorea

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Branches of external carotid artery

Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery 
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery 
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

some
anatomists 
like 
freaking 
out 
poor 
medical 
students

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What type of hemorrhage produces a lucid interval?

epidural hemorrhage

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What is the function of the superior orbital fissure

Communicates btw the middle cranial fossa and orbit

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What nerves run through the superior orbital fissure

CN 3, 4, and 6

along with branches of ophthalmic nerve V1, Nasociliary N, Frontal (supraorbital N), and lacrimal N

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What does the inferior orbital fissure communicate with?

communicates with the Pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, temporal fossa and the orbit

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What does the inferior orbital fossa contain?

Maxillary Nerve CN V2, infraorbital N and Zygomatic N

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What do the parasympathetics from CN V2 innervate in regards to the face?

innervates mucous membranes of the:

Nose
Soft palate
Tonsils
Uvula
upper pharynx

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What are the major components of the pterygopalatine Fossa

Maxillary nerve
Parasympathetics from CN VII and Sympathetics from internal carotid artery
The pterygopalatine ganglion

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Is the pterygopalatine ganglion sympathetic or parasympathetic?

its a parasympathetic ganglion

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The pterygopalatine contains _________ _______ that go from CN _____ to the Maxillary nerve CN V2

Parasympathetic nerves

CN VII

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The ophthalmic nerve V1 goes to the _______ nerve to innervate the ________ ________

Lacrimal

Lacrimal gland

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What main arterys are contained in the infratemporal fossa

Maxillary Artery
Middle Meningeal
Inferior Alveolar which accompanies the inferior Alveolar N

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What structures does the maxillary artery branch off and go to

Nasal cavity
Roof and walls of oral cavity
all teeth
Masseter
Pterygoid
dura mater

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What are all the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

Medial and lateral pterygoid MM V3
Maxillary Artery
Mandibular Nerve
Otic ganglion
Branches of Facial Nerve
Branches of Glossopharyngeal nerve
Petrotympanic fissure aka Chorda Tympani

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What is the role of the chorda tympani

1. carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue | 2. carries parasympathetic innervation to all glands below the oral fissure

What innervates the parotid gland

CN IX which comes from the otic ganglion located in the infratemporal fossa

Which nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands

CN VII from the submandibular ganglion

What is contained in the Temporal fossa?

1. Temporalis Muscle 2. Deep Temporal NN, branches of V3 3. Zygomaticotemporal branches of the Maxillary Nerve V2 4. Deep Temporal Arteries

Can you feel your superficial Temporal Artery?

Yes, Yes you can

infections around these two areas is considered the "danger Area"

Mouth and nose

Why are infections around the mouth and nose considered dangerous

-Because the cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus are right behind and infections can disseminate intracranially

What are the borders of the anterior triangle

The superiorly border-inferior portion of mandible Lateral border- anterior portion of sternocleidomastoid muscle So the anterior triangle is below the mandible and in front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Describe the location of the posterior triangle

This triangle is posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle but anterior to the trapezius muscle

what does the jugulodigastric node receive drainage from?

drainage from tonsils and peritonsillar area

What does the jugulo-omohyoid node receive drainage from?

the tongue

What two fascial layers are btw the pharynx and esophagus anteriorly and the vertebral column posteriorly ?

1. Buccopharyngeal fascia | 2. Prevertebral Fascia

The ________ fascia is continuous with the ____________ fascia

buccopharyngeal Retroesophageal

The prevertebral fascia in the midline splits to form what space?

Alar space

True or false? the prevertebral fascia extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis and out into the axillae to form the maxillary sheath?

False- it forms the Axillary sheath

What three spaces act as conduits to spread infection and are btw the pharynx and esophagus anteriorly and the vertebral column posteriorly

1. retropharyngeal- extends to angle of louis & continuous with lateral pharyngeal space 2. Alar space aka third space 3. prevertebral space

The _______ plexus (C5 to T1) emerges btw the anterior and middle scalene muscles

brachial

The ______ plexus is C2-C4

Cervical

Is the phrenic nerve posterior or anterior to scalene muscle?

What is the saying associated with the phrenic nerve?

C 3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive

If the phrenic nerve is irritated where would you expect the pain?

Itd be referred pain to C4

What are the four infrahyoid or "Strap" or "Ribbon" muscles of the neck (hint they all basically end in hyoid)

1. Sternohyoid 2. Thyrohyoid 3. Sternothyroid 4. Omohyoid

What contains the common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve (neurovascular bundle)

carotid sheath

Are parathyroid glands posterior or anterior to thyroid gland

posterior

what nerves are posterolateral to the trachea bilaterally | hint: damage to these usually results in hoarseness

recurrent laryngeal nerves

This node is located in the supraclavicular region

virchows node

The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by which nerve?

External laryngeal nerve of CNX Its the "high note" muscle

when looking straight back in a mouth you are viewing which vertebra

the hard palate is at the level of what?

the foramen magnum

the hyoid bone and bifurcation of the common carotid are what cervical level?

C3-C4

cricoid cartilage is at level?

C5-6

what does the prelaryngeal node drain?

yup the larynx

The platysma muscle is innervated by which nerve

innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve CN VII

What does the submental node drain?

Tip of tongue, floor of mouth and lower lip

The first lymph node in which cancer from a tumor is most likely to spread is known as what type of lymph node?

sentinel lymph node- lymphatics follow veins

The suprasternal notch is at the level of which thoracic vertebra?

T1-2

Out of cervical roots 1, 2, 3, 4 which cervical root does not carry sensory information

C1 does not carry fibers- Supplies motor to the smaller head moving muscles at base of the skull

If you CN XI is cut are you able to still slightly shrug your shoulders? why?

Yes, because C1-C4 also supply the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

C3 "THird cervical root" supply sensory to what?

THyrohyoid area See what i did there (THird THyrohyoid)

Weakness in the Killians Dehisence can cause ________ Diverticulum

Zenkers

Which nerve innervates the pharyngeal muscles?

Vagus nerve

the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is composed of what two constrictor muscles?

Thyropharyngeal constrictor Cricopharyngeal constrictor

Killians Gap is located where?

Between the Thyropharyngeal constrictor Cricopharyngeal constrictor

What are the three types of Diverticuli?

1. Zenkers diverticulum 2. Traction diverticulum 3. Epiphrenic diverticulum

What would you find located btw the palatopharyngeal archs (posteriorly) and palatoglossal archs (anteriorly)

palatine tonsils

obstruction above the level of the larynx in the nasopharynx, pharynx or soft palate cause what sound?

Stertor- snoring or gasping sound inspiratory sound

What could cause stertor?

1. Retropharyngeal abscess 2. Peritonsillar abscess 3. Epiglottitis 4. Enlarged adenoids 5. Obstructive sleep apnea

Where would the obstruction be located in someone who has stridor?

obstruction could be found in the larynx, trachea or lower bronchial tree

What causes stridor?

1. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis= CROUP 2. aspiration of foreign body 3. bacterial tracheitis 4. allergic reaction, angioedema, glottic and subglottic edema

You are viewing an xray of a Pts airway and you notice a it has the "Steeple sign" what would you expect to hear?

Steeple sign = CROUP

What is the main cause of Sinusitis?

obstruction of the drainage pathways of the sinuses -Surgery is performed to clear the obstructions

Drainage of the sinuses occurs via the ________ unit

osteomeatal

What does the osteomeatal unit composed of?

the Frontal, Maxillary, anterior, middle Ethmoidal Sinuses drain into Middle Meatus area

What do the concha in the osteomeatal increase?

Increase surface area to moisten and warm the air

What nerve would you expect to be damaged or impaired with a blowout fracture

CN III

The temporomandibular joint is a _______ joint with a _________

synovial meniscus

All the muscles moving the mandible are inverted by CN V3 except for the _______ muscle which is innervated by _____

Geniohyoid C1

What muscles are responsible for the protrusion of the mandible?

Lateral and Medial Pterygoid innervated by CN V3

Which muscles are responsible for retraction of the mandible

Posterior Temporalis, deep Masseter, Digastric CN V3 Geniohyoid C1

Which muscles are responsible for elevation of the mandible?

1. Temporalis, 2. Masseter, 3. Medial Pterygoid CN V3

Which muscles are responsible for depression of the mandible

1. Gravity (ha not a muscle tricked ya) 2. Digastric CN V3 3. Mylohyoid CN V3 4. Geniohyoid C1

What muscles of the middle ear reduce force of vibrations, and dampen sound?

1. Tensor Tympani (CN V3) | 2. Stapedius (CN VII stapedius branch of facial nerve)