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RRCCPA Human Anatomy Lecture > Head and neck study guide > Flashcards

Head and neck study guide Flashcards

1
Q

cerebral cortex is made up of Gyri, Sulci, and fissures true or false

A

True

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2
Q

you can find the motor cortex and somatic motor association (premotor cortex) in the frontal lobe. True or False

A

True

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3
Q

You can find the primary auditory cortex in the occipital lobe. true or false?

A

False, you would find the primary visual area

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4
Q

Damage to the temporal lobe could also affect what conversion of memory?

A

short term to long term because the hippocampus is in the temporal lobe

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5
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

creation, modulation of emotion, memory, feeding, homeostatic regulation and mating

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6
Q

What makes up the basal ganglia?

A

Lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus, Putamen), Caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus

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7
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

initiation, control and modulation of skeletal motor function.

Learning, cognition and memory

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8
Q

Function of internal capsule?

A

transmits motor and sensory fibers

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9
Q

Thalamus does what with incoming info?

A

it processes and relays sensory info

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10
Q

What are some diseases of the Extrapyramidal system?

A

Parkinsons- degeneration of globus pallidus and substantia nigra
Tardive dyskinesia
Huntingtons chorea
Syndehams chorea

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11
Q

Branches of external carotid artery

A 
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery 
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery 
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery 
some
anatomists 
like 
freaking 
out 
poor 
medical 
students
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12
Q

What type of hemorrhage produces a lucid interval?

A

epidural hemorrhage

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13
Q

What is the function of the superior orbital fissure

A

Communicates btw the middle cranial fossa and orbit

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14
Q

What nerves run through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN 3, 4, and 6

along with branches of ophthalmic nerve V1, Nasociliary N, Frontal (supraorbital N), and lacrimal N

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15
Q

What does the inferior orbital fissure communicate with?

A

communicates with the Pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, temporal fossa and the orbit

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16
Q

What does the inferior orbital fossa contain?

A

Maxillary Nerve CN V2, infraorbital N and Zygomatic N

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17
Q

What do the parasympathetics from CN V2 innervate in regards to the face?

A

innervates mucous membranes of the:

  1. Nose
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tonsils
  4. Uvula
  5. upper pharynx
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18
Q

What are the major components of the pterygopalatine Fossa

A
  1. Maxillary nerve
  2. Parasympathetics from CN VII and Sympathetics from internal carotid artery
  3. The pterygopalatine ganglion
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19
Q

Is the pterygopalatine ganglion sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

its a parasympathetic ganglion

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20
Q

The pterygopalatine contains _________ _______ that go from CN _____ to the Maxillary nerve CN V2

A

Parasympathetic nerves

CN VII

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21
Q

The ophthalmic nerve V1 goes to the _______ nerve to innervate the ________ ________

A

Lacrimal

Lacrimal gland

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22
Q

What main arterys are contained in the infratemporal fossa

A
  1. Maxillary Artery
  2. Middle Meningeal
  3. Inferior Alveolar which accompanies the inferior Alveolar N
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23
Q

What structures does the maxillary artery branch off and go to

A
  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Roof and walls of oral cavity
  3. all teeth
  4. Masseter
  5. Pterygoid
  6. dura mater
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24
Q

What are all the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A
  1. Medial and lateral pterygoid MM V3
  2. Maxillary Artery
  3. Mandibular Nerve
  4. Otic ganglion
  5. Branches of Facial Nerve
  6. Branches of Glossopharyngeal nerve
  7. Petrotympanic fissure aka Chorda Tympani
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25
Q

What is the role of the chorda tympani

A
  1. carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

2. carries parasympathetic innervation to all glands below the oral fissure

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26
Q

What innervates the parotid gland

A

CN IX which comes from the otic ganglion located in the infratemporal fossa

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27
Q

Which nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands

A

CN VII from the submandibular ganglion

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28
Q

What is contained in the Temporal fossa?

A
  1. Temporalis Muscle
  2. Deep Temporal NN, branches of V3
  3. Zygomaticotemporal branches of the Maxillary Nerve V2
  4. Deep Temporal Arteries
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29
Q

Can you feel your superficial Temporal Artery?

A

Yes, Yes you can

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30
Q

infections around these two areas is considered the “danger Area”

A

Mouth and nose

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31
Q

Why are infections around the mouth and nose considered dangerous

A

-Because the cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus are right behind and infections can disseminate intracranially

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32
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle

A

The superiorly border-inferior portion of mandible

Lateral border- anterior portion of sternocleidomastoid muscle

So the anterior triangle is below the mandible and in front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

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33
Q

Describe the location of the posterior triangle

A

This triangle is posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle but anterior to the trapezius muscle

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34
Q

what does the jugulodigastric node receive drainage from?

A

drainage from tonsils and peritonsillar area

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35
Q

What does the jugulo-omohyoid node receive drainage from?

A

the tongue

36
Q

What two fascial layers are btw the pharynx and esophagus anteriorly and the vertebral column posteriorly ?

A
  1. Buccopharyngeal fascia

2. Prevertebral Fascia

37
Q

The ________ fascia is continuous with the ____________ fascia

A

buccopharyngeal

Retroesophageal

38
Q

The prevertebral fascia in the midline splits to form what space?

A

Alar space

39
Q

True or false? the prevertebral fascia extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis and out into the axillae to form the maxillary sheath?

A

False- it forms the Axillary sheath

40
Q

What three spaces act as conduits to spread infection and are btw the pharynx and esophagus anteriorly and the vertebral column posteriorly

A
  1. retropharyngeal- extends to angle of louis & continuous with lateral pharyngeal space
  2. Alar space aka third space
  3. prevertebral space
41
Q

The _______ plexus (C5 to T1) emerges btw the anterior and middle scalene muscles

A

brachial

42
Q

The ______ plexus is C2-C4

A

Cervical

43
Q

Is the phrenic nerve posterior or anterior to scalene muscle?

A

Anterior

44
Q

What is the saying associated with the phrenic nerve?

A

C 3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive

45
Q

If the phrenic nerve is irritated where would you expect the pain?

A

Itd be referred pain to C4

46
Q

What are the four infrahyoid or “Strap” or “Ribbon” muscles of the neck (hint they all basically end in hyoid)

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Thyrohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Omohyoid
47
Q

What contains the common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve (neurovascular bundle)

A

carotid sheath

48
Q

Are parathyroid glands posterior or anterior to thyroid gland

A

posterior

49
Q

what nerves are posterolateral to the trachea bilaterally

hint: damage to these usually results in hoarseness

A

recurrent laryngeal nerves

50
Q

This node is located in the supraclavicular region

A

virchows node

51
Q

The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by which nerve?

A

External laryngeal nerve of CNX

Its the “high note” muscle

52
Q

when looking straight back in a mouth you are viewing which vertebra

A

C2

53
Q

the hard palate is at the level of what?

A

the foramen magnum

54
Q

the hyoid bone and bifurcation of the common carotid are what cervical level?

A

C3-C4

55
Q

cricoid cartilage is at level?

A

C5-6

56
Q

what does the prelaryngeal node drain?

A

yup the larynx

57
Q

The platysma muscle is innervated by which nerve

A

innervated by the cervical branch of the facial nerve CN VII

58
Q

What does the submental node drain?

A

Tip of tongue, floor of mouth and lower lip

59
Q

The first lymph node in which cancer from a tumor is most likely to spread is known as what type of lymph node?

A

sentinel lymph node- lymphatics follow veins

60
Q

The suprasternal notch is at the level of which thoracic vertebra?

A

T1-2

61
Q

Out of cervical roots 1, 2, 3, 4 which cervical root does not carry sensory information

A

C1 does not carry fibers- Supplies motor to the smaller head moving muscles at base of the skull

62
Q

If you CN XI is cut are you able to still slightly shrug your shoulders? why?

A

Yes, because C1-C4 also supply the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

63
Q

C3 “THird cervical root” supply sensory to what?

A

THyrohyoid area

See what i did there (THird THyrohyoid)

64
Q

Weakness in the Killians Dehisence can cause ________ Diverticulum

A

Zenkers

65
Q

Which nerve innervates the pharyngeal muscles?

A

Vagus nerve

66
Q

the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is composed of what two constrictor muscles?

A

Thyropharyngeal constrictor

Cricopharyngeal constrictor

67
Q

Killians Gap is located where?

A

Between the Thyropharyngeal constrictor

Cricopharyngeal constrictor

68
Q

What are the three types of Diverticuli?

A
  1. Zenkers diverticulum
  2. Traction diverticulum
  3. Epiphrenic diverticulum
69
Q

What would you find located btw the palatopharyngeal archs (posteriorly) and palatoglossal archs (anteriorly)

A

palatine tonsils

70
Q

obstruction above the level of the larynx in the nasopharynx, pharynx or soft palate cause what sound?

A

Stertor- snoring or gasping sound

inspiratory sound

71
Q

What could cause stertor?

A
  1. Retropharyngeal abscess
  2. Peritonsillar abscess
  3. Epiglottitis
  4. Enlarged adenoids
  5. Obstructive sleep apnea
72
Q

Where would the obstruction be located in someone who has stridor?

A

obstruction could be found in the larynx, trachea or lower bronchial tree

73
Q

What causes stridor?

A
  1. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis= CROUP
  2. aspiration of foreign body
  3. bacterial tracheitis
  4. allergic reaction, angioedema, glottic and subglottic edema
74
Q

You are viewing an xray of a Pts airway and you notice a it has the “Steeple sign” what would you expect to hear?

A

Steeple sign = CROUP

75
Q

What is the main cause of Sinusitis?

A

obstruction of the drainage pathways of the sinuses

-Surgery is performed to clear the obstructions

76
Q

Drainage of the sinuses occurs via the ________ unit

A

osteomeatal

77
Q

What does the osteomeatal unit composed of?

A

the Frontal, Maxillary, anterior, middle Ethmoidal Sinuses drain into Middle Meatus area

78
Q

What do the concha in the osteomeatal increase?

A

Increase surface area to moisten and warm the air

79
Q

What nerve would you expect to be damaged or impaired with a blowout fracture

A

CN III

80
Q

The temporomandibular joint is a _______ joint with a _________

A

synovial

meniscus

81
Q

All the muscles moving the mandible are inverted by CN V3 except for the _______ muscle which is innervated by _____

A

Geniohyoid

C1

82
Q

What muscles are responsible for the protrusion of the mandible?

A

Lateral and Medial Pterygoid innervated by CN V3

83
Q

Which muscles are responsible for retraction of the mandible

A

Posterior Temporalis, deep Masseter, Digastric CN V3

Geniohyoid C1

84
Q

Which muscles are responsible for elevation of the mandible?

A
  1. Temporalis,
  2. Masseter,
  3. Medial Pterygoid CN V3
85
Q

Which muscles are responsible for depression of the mandible

A
  1. Gravity (ha not a muscle tricked ya)
  2. Digastric CN V3
  3. Mylohyoid CN V3
  4. Geniohyoid C1
86
Q

What muscles of the middle ear reduce force of vibrations, and dampen sound?

A
  1. Tensor Tympani (CN V3)

2. Stapedius (CN VII stapedius branch of facial nerve)

RRCCPA Human Anatomy Lecture (20 decks)

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