Cranial nerves Flashcards
Sensations of Pain and temperature are projected to the ________________ (ipsilateral/contralateral/both) cerebral cortex.
contralateral
The PSNS fibers follow which 4 cranial nerves?
3,7,9,10
The _________ ____________ ___________ coordinates eyeball movement by yoking together CN 3,4 and 6.
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Which type of receptors regulate respiratory activity and are sensitive to changes in pH and pCO2?
CHEMORECEPTORS
Motor innervation of the Dilator Pupillae muscle comes from the _______ nervous system.
Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Which type of receptors regulate blood pressure ?
BARORECEPTORS
What 2 types of aortic receptors relay sensory info to the vagus nerve?
Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors
This muscle of the soft palate opens the eustachian tubes/ “pops” the ears
Tensor Veli Palatani
What are the 3 symptoms you will see with Horner’s Syndrome?
Ptosis, Miosis, and anhydrosis
______occurs if there is damage to CN I.
Anosmia
If a person has a NEGATIVE “Doll’s Eye test” (or Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex) that usually indicates they have an injury to their __________.
Brain stem.
Normal is a positive Dolls Eye Test, where our eyes stay fixed on an object when we move our heads. If the eyes do not do this then this means the brain stem has an issue because that is where this is controlled.
__________is the term for bilateral paralysis of the vocal cords and requires immediate medical attention
Stridor
The midbrain, pons and medulla make up the _______
brainstem
The trochlear nerve does what 3 things to the eye’s movement? If this nerve is damaged, what do they call the appearance the pt then has?
Depresses, intorts, and abducts
The pathetic look
This nerve gets sensory innervation from concha, external auditory meatus, and skin behind ear, as well as TASTE from anterior 2/3 of tongue.
CN VII (Facial)
This cranial nerve is really long, making it susceptible to trauma, but it is rarely affected in isolation.
Trochlear nerve
What are two motor symptoms that would occur if you had a lesion to the Vagus nerve?
Dysphagia, Hoarseness
Vagus nerve is the MAJOR nerve for swallowing and phonation/vocal cords
The facial nerve (CN VII) has sensory and motor innervation. True or false?
TRUE
Which cranial nerve supplies motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the tongue ?
CN XII (Hypoglossal)
What action of the eyeball is CN VI responsible for? What happens if this nerve is damaged?
The Abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle, which Abducts the eye.
Damage to CN VI would cause:
Strabismus, horizontal diplopia
_______ is constriction of the pupil, while _________ is dilation of the pupil.
Miosis, mydriasis
This type of reflex is pronounced in pt’s with upper motor neuron lesions. The afferent and efferent limb of this reflex is in CN V.
Jaw Jerk Reflex
Where are dental nerve blocks for the lower mouth/mandible given?
at the entrance of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve in the Mandibular Foramen.
Which cranial nerve is associated with taste (salt, bitter, sour, sweet, savory) to Anterior 2/3 of Tongue?
CN VII (Facial)
This muscle of the soft palate elevates the uvula.
Musculus Uvulae
If a pt had loss of the corneal blink reflex, abnormal taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, and loss of secretion from the lacrimal gland, where (which CN) would they most likely have a lesion?
CN VII (Facial)
The sensation of Pressure and Touch are projected to the ________________ (ipsilateral/contralateral/both) cerebral cortex.
both
The gag reflex tests which 2 cranial nerves?
CN IX ( afferent limb) and X (efferent limb)
Which cranial nerve supplies motor innervation to the muscles of mastication and the Tensor Tympani?
CN V (Trigeminal)
Which cranial nerve supplies motor innervation to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
CN XI (Spinal accessory)
Which cranial nerve is the AFFERENT limb of the oculocardiac reflex?
CN V Trigeminal
Which cranial nerve is the afferent limb of the pupillary reflex and the afferent limb of accommodation?
CN II optic
think afferent coming in, and the optic nerve is the first to receive it
Which cranial nerve does this describe? Sensory innervation from the carotid body and carotid sinus, mucous membranes from the posterior 1/3 tongue, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, middle ear and ET, as well as TASTE from the posterior 1/3 of tongue.
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
The _______muscle assists the levator palpabrae superioris in lifting the eyelid.
Mueller muscle (superior tarsal)
Which cranial nerve supplies motor innervation to the Lateral Rectus muscle?
CN VI (Abducens) (think LR6)
True or false? If a pt has a lesion or injury to LOWER motor neuron damaging CN XII, if asked to stick out their tongue, their tongue will point to the affected side.
TRUE. The tongue should be midline. If it deviates, and the pt has a LOWER motor neuron lesion, the tongue will point to the weaker/affected side.
HOWEVER,
In an UPPER motor neuron lesion (corticobulbar tract), the tongue will point to the contralateral side.
Which division of the trigeminal nerve is the AFFERENT limb of the corneal/blink reflex?
V1-opthalmic of the Trigeminal nerve
Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?
CN IV (Trochlear) *Think "SO4"
This muscle of the soft palate lifts the tongue when a patient says “aahhhhhh”.
Levator Veli Palatani
The ciliary muscle _________, relaxing zonular fibers, so the lens can become more ____________, for close up focus.
contracts
round
Which division of the nervous system supplies motor innervation of the sphincter pupillae muscle so the eye can constrict?
Parasympathetic
The Bulb of the brainstem is made up the _________ and the _________.
pons and medulla
Which cranial nerve is the EFFERENT limb of the pupillary light reflex and accommodation reflex?
CN III ( Oculomotor)
An uncal herniation would be paralysis of which cranial nerve?
CN III (Oculomotor)
The ciliary ganglion of the PSNS is associated with ___________ and ______________.
miosis, accommodation
This cranial nerve is the AFFERENT limb of the Carotid Sinus Reflex and the Gag reflex.
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
The _______ _________ Response causes- convergence of the eyes, pupillary constriction and accommodation.
Near Reaction
Which cranial nerve supplies SENSORY innervation of the anterior scalp/face/orbital contents/nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses/nasopharynx/palate/teeth/oral cavity anterior to tonsils, anterior 2/3 of tongue (NOT taste), as well as the dura of anterior and middle cranial fossae?
CN V (Trigeminal)
Name the contents of the cavernous sinus.
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
Carotid Artery
Abducens nerve
Trochlear nerve
This cranial nerve is the EFFERENT limb of both the Gag reflex and the Oculocardiac reflex.
CN X Vagus
Which cranial nerve is the EFFERENT limb of the corneal/blink reflex?
CN VII (Facial)
Which cranial nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of vision (visual fields, acuity, color vision)?
CN II (Optic)
This cranial nerve is commonly damaged in isolation causing an isolated muscle palsy
Abducens
Which cranial nerve carries both afferent and efferent components of Cough reflex together with the Diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
CN X Vagus
This is a branch of V3. It is a mixed nerve also carrying the Chorda Tympani and ANS fibers.
Lingual nerve
The ______________ tract connects the motor cortex with brainstem motor nuclei neurons via the Genu of the Internal Capsule.
Corticobulbar
Cranial nerve III innervates all of the extraocular muscles except for the _________ _________ and the ___________ ___________?
Lateral rectus, superior oblique
LR6, SO4
The facial nerve provides motor innervation for facial expression and to the ______ muscle.
Stapedius
Name the 3 divisions of the Trigeminal nerve and know where on the face they innervate pain/touch.
V1-Opthalmic
V2-maxillary
V3-Mandibular
Which cranial nerve exits the skull through the cribriform plate?
CN I (Olfactory)
Which 5 muscles are involved in muscles of facial expression and innervated by CN VII?
Temporal (to) Zygomatic (Zanzibar) Buccal (by) Mandibular (motor) Cervical (car)
Pt might have a lesion at this CN if they are experiencing dizziness, and/or vertigo, and/ or have tinnitus/changes in hearing.
CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
This cranial nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of balance and hearing.
CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
