Study guide (Ch. 6-8) Flashcards
Veto
a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body
2nd Amendment
right to bear arms
April 18-19, 1775 – The revolutionary war begins with _______________
The battle of Lexington.
Declaration of independence
July 4 1776
The battle of Lexington.
April 18-19, 1775 – The revolutionary war begins with _______________
Articles of Confederation finally go into effect (they had been sent to the states for ratification in 1777)
March 1st, 1781
The British army at Yorktown surrenders to George Washington.
The battle of Yorktown. October 19st, 1781
In 1776, he published Common Sense, a strong defense of American Independence from England.
Thomas Paine
The year the Treaty of Paris was signed
1783
The period when the Philadelphia convention (a.k.a., the “ Constitutional Convention”) met and wrote the U.S. Constitution
Summer 1787
Year the Bills of Rights was added to the Constitution
1791
Double jeopardy
Illegal act of trying a person twice for the same crime.
Eminent domain
the right of a government to take personal property to further the public good.
Executive order
Non-legislative directive issued by the U.S. president in certain circumstances; An executive order has the force of congressional law.
Freedom from punishment
Pardon
Impeach
to vote to bring charges against
Non-legislative directive issued by the U.S. president in certain circumstances; It has the force of congressional law.
Executive order
Cabinet
Group made up of the heads of the executive departments that advises the U.S. President.
The use of population to determine how many legislative representative an area will have.
apportionment
Elastic clause
Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution that has been interpreted as giving Congress authority to stretch its delegated powers to address issues not otherwise specified in the document.
Delegated powers
Powers that are specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution.
Reserved powers
Powers restrained by the state governments or by citizens .
Concurrent powers
Powers that are shared by the Federal and State governments
Amendments
Official changes, corrections, or additions to a law or constitution.
Ratification
Formal approval
Three-fifths compromise
(1787) Agreement worked out at the constitutional Convention stating that three fifths of the slaves in each state should be counted as part of the state’s population for determining representation in the lower house of Congress
Great compromise
the compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia plans formulated by the Connecticut delegates at the Constitutional Convention; called for a lower legislative house based on population size and an upper house based on equal representation of the states.
Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia.
Thomas Jefferson
the document recording the proclamation of the Second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain
Declaration of Independence
(other battle a battle in the Philadelphia campaign of the American Revolutionary War, was fought on October 4, 1777, at this place, Pennsylvania. The British victory in this battle ensured that Philadelphia, the capital of the self-proclaimed United States of America, would remain in British hands throughout the winter of 1777-1778.
Battles of Brandywine Creek and Germantown
A week after the Battle at Trenton, Washington left a few men to tend some campfires and fool the enemy again. He quietly marched his army to _______, where they surprised and beat a British force. New Jersey turned Patriot. This battle helped the American morale.
Battle of Princeton
to vote to bring charges against
Impeach
apportionment
The use of population to determine how many legislative representative an area will have.
Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution that has been interpreted as giving Congress authority to stretch its delegated powers to address issues not otherwise specified in the document.
Elastic clause
Plan for government proposed a that Constitutional Convention in which the National Government would have three branches – Executive, judicial, and legislative; representation in the legislature would be determined by state population.
Virginia Plan
Proposal to create an unicameral government with representation by state rather than by population; REJECTED at the Constitutional Convention.
New Jersey plan
Suffrage
Voting rights
Separation of powers
The division of governmental power into distinct areas with different branches of government exercising different powers; prevents one branch from becoming too powerful.
Checks and balances
A system stablished by the constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful.
Federalism
System of government in which power is distributed between a central authority and individual states.
Popular Sovereignty
The idea that political authority belongs to the people; principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to band a permit to slavery.
On Christmas day at night, Washington’s soldiers began crossing the Deleware River. The next morning, they surprise attacked the British mercenaries which were Hessians.
Battle of Trenton (1776)
first battle outside of Concord, british attempted to capture patriot leaders Adams and Hancock, start of revolutionary war
Battle of lexington
First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths.
Battle of Bunker Hill
The division of governmental power into distinct areas with different branches of government exercising different powers; prevents one branch from becoming too powerful.
Separation of powers
A system stablished by the constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful.
Checks and balances
The idea that political authority belongs to the people; principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to band a permit to slavery.
Popular Sovereignty
Limited government
A political principles which holds the government should be bound by laws that limits its power.
Republicanism
support for a system of representative government known as a republic.
Constitution
a set of basic principles that determines the powers and duties of a government.
Virginia delegate James Madison’s plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population
Virginia Plan
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.
Virginia Plan
Virginia delegate James Madison’s plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population
The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
Bill of Rights
Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom
laws that separation church and state, statement of religious liberty, written by Thomas Jefferson
a series of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay (using the name “publius”) published in NY newspapers and used to convice readers to adopt the new constitution
Federalist Papers
Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
U.S Constitution
The government of the United States. A set of principles (guidelines) that describe the duties and powers of the government.
Federalist Papers
a series of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay (using the name “publius”) published in NY newspapers and used to convice readers to adopt the new constitution
Articles of Confederation
the document that created the first central government for the United States; it was replaced by the Constitution in 1789
Treaty Between England and the Colonies , formally ended the American Revolutionary War
Treaty of Paris of 1783
a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation
Common Sense
a series of 85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay (using the name “publius”) published in NY newspapers and used to convice readers to adopt the new constitution
Federalist Papers
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation
statement issued by Virginias royal governor promising freedom to any slave who fought for the British in the American Revolution
Olive Branch Petition
An offer of peace sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George lll
Alexander Hamilton
Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and leader of the Federalists; first secretary of the treasury.
James Madison
A co-author of the Federalist Papers, he was an influential delegate of the Constitutional Convention later to be called the Father of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. By writing the Bill of Rights, he secured the faith of those who were not sure about the Constitution.
statement issued by Virginias royal governor promising freedom to any slave who fought for the British in the American Revolution
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation
George Mason
American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights
Francis Marion
most famous guerilla leader during the American Revolution; known as “the swamp fox”
John Paul Jones
American naval commander in the American Revolution (1747-1792) said “ I have not yet begun to fight.”
George Rogers Clark
the patriot who seized British forts on the southwestern frontier
Marquis de Lafayette
French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)
Thomas Paine
Wrote Common Sense
Thomas Jefferson
He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States.
Benjamin Franklin
American patriot, writer, printer, and inventor. During the Revolutionary War he persuaded the French to help the colonists.
George Washington
Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War
Battle of Vincennes
French town that surrendered to Clark’s army but was recaptured by British without a fight; after a bloody battle, the town was once again in Patriot’s hands Feb. 23 1779
Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.
Battle of Yorktown
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.
Battle of Brandywine Creek
September 11, 1777; Howe vs. Washington; Patriots lost because of miscommunication; Howe allowed colonists to retreat but Howe was able to take Philadelphia
Battle of Princeton
A week after the Battle at Trenton, Washington left a few men to tend some campfires and fool the enemy again. He quietly marched his army to Princeton, where they suprised and beat a British force. New Jersey turned Patriot. This battle helped the American morale.
French town that surrendered to Clark’s army but was recaptured by British without a fight; after a bloody battle, the town was once again in Patriot’s hands Feb. 23 1779
Battle of Vincennes
Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.
Battle of Saratoga
Battle of Yorktown
Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.
Battle of Bunker Hill
First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition, and Bunker Hill was in British hands. However, the British suffered more deaths.
