Chapter 14 Flashcards
Spanish Settlers living in present day Southern Texas
Tejanos
agents who agreed to bring settlers to Texas and received large land grants in return
Empressarios
Old Spanish Missionary House that was the center of the fight for Texas’ Independence
Alamo
Mexican victory during the Texas Revolution in which Mexican leader Antonio Lopez De Santa Ana executed almost 400 Texas Soldiers after their surrender
Battle of Goliad
Final Battle of the Texas Revoltuion; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army in independence for Texas
Battle of San Jacinto
Austin, Texas was named after him; he was the man the brought the first Americans into Texas because he was granted permission by the Mexicans.
Stephen Austin
Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed.
He wanted to abolish slavery and end unfair taxes to indians.
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
seized power in Mexico after collapse of empire of Mexico in 1824; tried to tighten controls on Mexican territories; defeated by the United States in Mexican-American War in 1848; unseated by liberal rebellion in 1854
Lopez de Santa Ana
led the forces to win an overwhelming victory at the Battle of San Jacinto
Sam Houston
Battle where Santa Ana charged almost all of the 400 Texan soldiers with treason and then executed them.
Battle of Goliad
Whom led the group of Texans to occupy the Alamo
William Travis and Jim Bowie.
Helped defend and lead 150 men at the mission in the Alamo during Santa Anna’s assault of the mission
William Travis
To add to an existing country or area to another
Annex
American adventurers and fur trappers who opened up the West to future settlers by exploring and creating trails and maps.
Mountain men
Beginning in the 1820s mountain men met at the __________
Rendezvous
First missionaries that Settle in Walla Walla, Washington. They made the difficult journey across the Great Plains and through the Rocikes.
Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
Name of the trail that many settlers followed moving west. It started in Independence, Missouri, and stretched morn than 2,000 miles across the Northern Great Plains and the Rocky mountains.
Oregon Trail
The ________Trail was a transportation route through central North America that connected Missouri to Northern Mexico, it served as a vital commercial and military highway.
Santa Fe Trail
what was the capital of the Republic of Texas?
The new town of Houston
Who was the president of the New nation “Republic of Texas”? (hint: he was a former governor of Tennessee
Sam Houston
_________Trail carried over 250,000 gold-seekers and farmers to the gold fields and rich farmlands of the Golden State during the 1840s and 1850s, the greatest mass migration in American history.
Various routes branched out across the Sierra Nevada, as the emigrants made there way to various destinations in California.
California Trail
Forty-seven surviving members of a group of migrants to California who were forced to resort to cannibalism to survive a brutal winter trapped in the Sierra Nevada Mtns. in California in 1846-47.
Donner Party
The “Fort” built by Swiss immigrant in California. Owner of a trading post on the California Trail where gold was first found in 1848.
Sutter’s Fort
Descendents of Spanish and Mexican conquerors; Spanish speaking inhabitants of California.
Californios
Became the 11th President in 1844. He was known as the “expansionist president” as under Polk the U.S. gained Oregon Country and the Mexican Cession territory.
James K. Polk
A General during the Mexican War and the12th President of the United States. It was Gen. He started the Mexican War by moving troops into Mexico and instigating Mexican troops.
Zachary Taylor
The idea that God intended for the U.S. to expand westward.
Manifest Destiny
Bear Flag Republic
Present-day California became the Bear Flag Republic in 1847 after the Bear Flag Revolt against Mexico in 1846.
California in 1846 by rebellious white settlers, who declared independence for California, in what came to be known as the __________ _____ _____________
Bear Flag revolt.
American writer and antislavery advocate, A leading transcendentalist. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings.
Henry David Thoreau
American General who led a campaign into Mexico City during the Mexican War. He was successful in capturing the Mexico City and forcing the Mexicans to surrender.
Winfield Scott
In 1848, a treaty signed by the U.S. and Mexico that officially ended the Mexican-American War; Mexico had to give up much of its northern territory to the U.S (Mexican Cession); in exchange the U.S. gave Mexico $15 million and said that Mexicans living in the lands of the Mexican Cession would be protected.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
was the territory given up by Mexico to the US after the Mexican War consisting of present-day California, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona and Nevada.
Mexican Cession
In 1853, the U.S. purchased land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico; set the current borders of the contiguous United States.
Gadsden Purchase
Easterners who flocked to California after the discovery of gold there. They established claims all over northern California and overwhelmed the existing government - arrived in 1849.
Forty-niners
The discovery of gold nuggets in the Sacramento Valley in early 1848 sparked the _____ _______ .
began on January 24, 1848, when James W. Marshall discovered a gold nugget in the American River while constructing a sawmill for John Sutter.
California Gold Rush,
search for mineral deposits (gold) in a place, especially by means of experimental drilling and excavation.
Prospect
American religious leader who headed the Mormon Church after the murder of Joseph Smith, he moved the community to Utah, leading thousands along what came to be known as the Mormon Trail to the main settlement at Salt Lake City.
Brigham Young
A man that started the Mormon religion In the 1820s, in the state of New York. He based it on what he said were God’s words to the ancient people of America.
Joseph Smith
the popular name given to a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Mormon
Trail across five states that Mormons traveled from 1846 to 1869 to escape religious persecution.
Mormon trail
