Chapter 6 Flashcards
Patriots
colonists who favored war with Britain
Loyalists
colonists who remained loyal to Britain
mercenaries
troops for hire
preamble
introduction
allies
work together to achieve a common goal
ratified
approved
Patriot Advantages
leadership of washington, figting for their homes, skilled with individually owned weapons, knowledge of local geography, used guerilla warefare outside of major cities
immediately after the fighting at Lexington and Concord, a petition sent to King George by the colonists, they declared their loyalty to the king and asked him to repeal the Intolerable Acts-this came BEFORE the Declaration of Independence!
Olive Branch Petition
makeshift army raised by the Second Continental Congress, led by George Washington
Continental Army
led by Ethan Allen, these volunteers attacked Fort Ticonderoga by suprise, they won valuable supply of cannons and gunpowder as well as key route to Canada; the gunpowder later helped the continental army gain control of Boston
Green Mountain Boys
colonists who favored war with Britain
Patriots
colonists who remained loyal to Britain
Loyalists
June 16, 1775,the first major battle of the Revolution, it proved that the Americans could fight bravely but the British would not be easy to defeat
Battle of Bunker Hill
the shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out
blockade
troops for hire
mercenaries
pamphlet published by Thomas Paine; the essay encouraged the colonies to declare indpendence, he said that they did not owe loyalty to King George or any other monarch and that the very idea of monarchy was wrong, and that it would only hurt the colonists to remain under British rule
Common Sense
a person who betrays his or her country
traitor
written by Thomas Jefferson on behalf of the Continental Congress; it consits of a preamble, a section on natural rights, a section on British wrongs and then finally declares independence
Declaration of Independence
introduction
preamble
1776 battle in New York in which more than 1,400 Americans were killed, wounded or captured; the rest retreated to Manhattan with the British in pursuit
Battle of Long Island
1776 battle in New Jersey in which George Washington’s troops easily captured a Hessian, or German mercenaries, encampment
Battle of Trenton
1777 battle, the first major American victory in the Revolution and a major TURNING POINT in the war, it not onlyl ended the British threat to New England and boosted American spirits, but it also convinced France to become an ally of the U.S.
Battle of Saratoga
work together to achieve a common goal
allies
troops on horseback
cavalry
a makeshift camp where American soldiers suffered through the long, cold winter of 1777-1778
Valley Forge
1781 battle in South Carolina where Americans won an important victory over the British
Battle of Cowpens
hit-and-run tactics used in war
guerrilla
when an army surrounds and blockades an enemy position in an attempt to capture it
siege
1781 American victory in Virginia that forced the British to surrender- LAST BATTLE OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR
Battle of Yorktown
peace treaty between the United States and Britain, ratified in 1783, it recognized the United States as an independent nation; our borders at this time extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River, the northern border stopped at the Great Lakes and the southern border stopped at Florida which belonged to Spain.
Treaty of Paris
approved
ratified
leadership of washington, figting for their homes, skilled with individually owned weapons, knowledge of local geography, used guerilla warefare outside of major cities
Patriot Advantages
well trained troops, world’s best navy, had the support of many loyalist-especially in the backcountry of the Southern Colonies
British Advantages
colonial forces were poorly organized and untrained, had few cannons and little gunpoweder, no navy, and many colonists did not want to fight far away from home
Patriot Disadvantages
its armies were 3,000 miles away from home, news and supplies took months to reach them, they risked attack everytime they marched outside of the cities
British Disadvantages
seized British forts for the Patriots on the southwestern frontier
Governor of Spanish Louisianna
his most crucial mistake was disregarding orders and retreating to Yorktown Peninsula, this is where he and the British were captured and finally surrendered
British General Cornwallis
