Chapter 16 Flashcards
Union Major who refused to surrender Fort Sumter to the Southerners; After 34 hours of fighting he formally surrenders
Robert Anderson
large, powerful weapons such as cannons and mortars
artillery
the type of rule in which military commanders are in control and citizens’ rights and freedoms are suspended
martial law
…, Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south
Anaconda Plan
Confederate efforts to use the importance of southern cotton to Britain’s textile industry to persuade the British to support the Confederacy in the Civil War
cotton diplomacy
A government order imposing a trade barrier
embargo
general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)
Stonewall Jackson
Foot soldiers
infantry
First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. This battle helped boost Southern morale and made the North realize that this would be a long war.
First Battle of Bull Run
People who are killed, wounded, captured, or missing in a war
casualties
A general for northern command of the Army of the Potomac in 1861; nicknamed “Tardy George” because of his failure to move troops to Richmond; lost battle vs. General Lee near the Chesapeake Bay; Lincoln fired him twice.
George McClellan
Soldiers on horseback
cavalry
Slave holding states that did not join the confederacy; very instrumental to the outcome of the war.
Border States
…, an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
Ulysses S. Grant
Right that was suspended by Abraham Lincoln at the outset of the war to maintain security, especially in Maryland.
Habeas Corpus
(1862) the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. military history. It was considered a draw although Lincoln claimed victory.
Battle of Antietam
(1862) an order issued by President Abraham Lincoln freeing the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union; took effect January 1, 1863
Emancipation Proclamation
the act of freeing someone from slavery
emancipation
emancipated slaves
freedmen
forced service in the military
conscription
A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War
Copperheads
A court order requiring authorities to bring a prisoner before the court so that the court can determine whether the prisoner is being held legally.
habeas corpus
1821-1912, Nurse for the Union forces during the Civil Warknown as the” Angel of the Battlefield “. She later founded the American Red Cross.
Clara Barton
1863, this three day battle was the bloodiest of the entire Civil War, ended in a Union victory, and is considered the turning point of the war
Battle of Gettysburg
3rd day of Gettysburg, a failed Confederate led by General George Pickett. Less than half of the 15,000 Confederate soldiers in Pickett’s Charge returned to the Confederate lines.
Pickett’s Charge
2nd most important Union General who introduced total war in “the march to the sea.” He destroyed crops, towns, and farms everywhere he went.
William Tecumseh Sherman
Federal troops under Sherman cut off the railroads supplying Atlanta and burned the city
Battle of Atlanta
1865 constitutional amendment that abolished slavery
Thirteenth Amendment
