Study Guide

Question 1

Moderation

Answer 1

influences a situation either positively or negatively

Question 2

Mediation

Answer 2

explains the relationship; critical for relationship

Question 3

t-test

Answer 3

statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference between the mean or average scores of two groups

Question 4

Positive correlation

Answer 4

as one variable increases so does the other

Question 5

Negative correlation

Answer 5

as one variable increases the other decreases

Question 6

correlation coefficient

Answer 6

describes the direction (+ or -) and degree (strength) of relationship b/w 2 variables

Question 7

Regressions

Answer 7

predicts the relationship b/w variables

Question 8

between subjects design

Answer 8

different people test each condition so that each person is only exposed to a single user interface

Question 9

within subjects design

Answer 9

a type of design in which all participants are exposed to every treatment of condition

Question 10

matched pairs design

Answer 10

when you have different participants in 2 different conditions, but you match them according to certain variables, such as age, personality, gender and IQ

Question 11

factorial design

Answer 11

design with more than one IV (2X2)

Question 12

Univariate

Answer 12

analysis carried out on only one variable to summarize or describe the variable

Question 13

Advantages of between-subjects design

Answer 13

good external validity, easier to set up; shorter sessions than within-subject designs

Question 14

Disadvantages of between-subjects design

Answer 14

Costs more

Question 15

Advantages of within-subjects design

Answer 15

Require fewer participants, cheaper, good internal validity

Question 16

Disadvantages of within-subjects design

Answer 16

Order effect; fatigue; practice effect

Question 17

Can you have validity without reliability?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Can you have reliability without validity?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

When do you use a factorial design?

Answer 19

When you want to understand the effect of two or more independent variables upon a single DV

Question 20

Nominal

Answer 20

Categories/names/labels/qualities; Ex- Type of car one drives

Question 21

Ordinal

Answer 21

Data can be arranged in order; Ex- TV ratings

Question 22

Interval

Answer 22

Temperature; year of birth

Question 23

Ratio

Answer 23

Height/weight/age

Question 24

Qualitative

Answer 24

Data consists of non-numerical values; Ex- college majors or hair color

Question 25

Quantitative

Answer 25

Data consists of numerical values; Ex- Heights and body temperature

Question 26

Basic research

Answer 26

builds on psychological knowledge

Question 27

Applied research

Answer 27

Addresses social problems or issues

Question 28

Variance

Answer 28

measure of how much values in a data set differ from the mean

Question 29

Standard deviation

Answer 29

a measure of variation that indicates the typical distance b/w the scores of a distribution and the mean

Question 30

Standard error

Answer 30

measures the accuracy with which a sample rep a population

Question 31

Type 1 error

Answer 31

rejecting the null when it is true

Question 32

Type 2 error

Answer 32

when you accept the null when you should reject it

Question 33

Null hypothesis

Answer 33

statement that is the opposite of your hypothesis

Question 34

fail to reject

Answer 34

when there is no real difference, the null is confirmed

Question 35

Counterbalancing

Answer 35

used to deal with order effects when using a repeated measures design; does not eliminate them

Question 36

Floor effect

Answer 36

Task is so difficult that hardly anyone performs well

Question 37

Instrument decay

Answer 37

basic characteristic of the measuring instrumental change over time

Question 38

Quasi-experimental design

Answer 38

address the need to study the effect of the IV settings in which central features of true experimental designs can’t be

Question 39

Ceiling effect

Answer 39

IV appears to have an effect on the DV measure only b/c participants quickly reach max performance levels