Stats-Validity Flashcards

1
Q

Nominal

A

Categories with no numeric scales

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2
Q

Ordinal

A

Rank ordering, numerical values limited

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3
Q

Interval

A

Numerical properties are literal,assume equal interval between values

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4
Q

Independent variable

A

The manipulated variable (cause)

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5
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable to be measured (effect)

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6
Q

Confounding variable

A

An “extra” variable that you didn’t account for that could be operating

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7
Q

Null hypothesis

A

The population means are equal; there is no observable difference, the IV had no effect

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8
Q

Research hypothesis

A

The population means are, in fact, not equal; the IV did not have an effect

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9
Q

Type I error

A

when we reject the null hypothesis that is actually true

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10
Q

Type II error

A

when we accept the null hypothesis that is actually false

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11
Q

Alpha level error

A

level of significance (.001, .01, .05), probability of making type I error

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12
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

measure of reliability obtained by administering the same test twice over a period of time to a group of people

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13
Q

Alternate forms reliability

A

requires administering two different forms of the same test to the same people at two points in time

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14
Q

Internal consistency

A

the consistency of people’s responses across the items on a multiple-item measure

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15
Q

Split-half reliability

A

the correlation of the total score on one half of the test with the total score on the other half

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16
Q

Cronbach’s alpha

A

the average of all possible split-half reliability coefficients

17
Q

Interrater reliability

A

the extent to which raters agree in their observations

18
Q

Reliability

A

the consistency of the measure

19
Q

Validity

A

whether the measure does what it is intended to do

20
Q

Internal validity

A

the ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships from the results of the study

21
Q

External validity

A

the extent to which the results can be generalized to other populations and settings

22
Q

Construct validity

A

the adequacy of the operational definitions of variables

23
Q

Convergent validity

A

scores on the measure are related to other measures of the same construct

24
Q

Discriminant validity

A

scores on the measure are not related to other measures that are theoretically different

25
Q

Criterion validity

A

extent to which a measure is related to an outcome

26
Q

Concurrent validity

A

scores on the measure are related to a criterion measured at the same time (concurrently)

27
Q

Face validity

A

the content of the measure appears to reflect the construct being measured

28
Q

Predictive validity

A

scores on the measure predict behavior on a criterion measured at a future time

29
Q

Simple random sampling

A

every member of the population has an equal probability of being selected for the sample

30
Q

Stratified random sampling

A

the population is divided into subgroups and random sampling techniques are then used to select sample members from each stratum

31
Q

Cluster sampling

A

the researcher identifies a cluster of people and then sample from the clusters

32
Q

Convenience sampling

A

“take them where you find them” method of obtaining participants

33
Q

Purposive sampling

A

obtaining a sample of people who meet some predetermined criterion

34
Q

Quota sampling

A

choosing a sample that reflects the numerical composition of various subgroups in the population

35
Q

Moderator

A

variable that affects the direction and/or strength of the relationship between an IV and a DV; Does not influence the strength of a relationship b/w 2 other variables

36
Q

Mediator

A

accounts for the relation between the IV and DV; Explains the relationship b/w the two other variables