Study Guide Flashcards
Telephoto
has a longer focal length (used for shallow depth of field – aperture would want to be as open as possible)
Wide angle
- Focal length of lens
- Wide angle lens
- expands /stretches space
Depth of field
How would I obtain the greatest depth of field?
- Keeping as much in focus as you can within your frame
- Shallow depth of field=amount of focus is narrow
Photoshop Layers
- Revolutionary when it came about because of layers
- Basically stacked acetate – you can see through transparent areas of different layers so it all looks like its on one
- Pretty much every new thing you add to something in photoshop is a new layer
Photoshop Vectors
- It doesn’t pixelate as you zoom
- Adobe Illustrator is the go to for these
Elements of effective graphic design
Captures attention
Controls eye movement
Conveys info
Evokes emotion
Golombisky and Hagen’s 3 building blocks
- Visuals
- Type
- Negative space (gives the eye room to breathe
Non-destructive editing
- A feature of photoshop
- Allows you to make changes to an imagewithout overwriting the original image data. This means thatyou will always be able to backtrack on adjustments made to an image as needed, retaining flexibility and keeping the resolution of the original image intact
Ways to nondestructive edit
- Duplicate a layer
- Working with adjustments layers
- Really anything that will introduce a new layer that can be placed over the original with edits to the needed area
4 act structure
o Act 1 – the setup
♣ Character intro/set up to circumstances surrounding the goal
o Act 2 – the complicating action
♣ Pushes in new direction, a whole new situation with which the protagonist must cope
o Act 3 – the development
♣ Struggle towards goals typically occurs
o Act 4 – Climax and Epilogue
♣ Will the goal be achieved?
(parks & rec example)
elements of classical storytelling:
Active protagonist drives story forward Clarity Closure Invisible style Goal Oriented protagonist
Jenkin’s 7 Principles of Transmedia Storytelling
♣ World building
• The world comes before the character (Harry Potter)
♣ Subjectivity
• A world that invites us to think about what things might be like from another character’s point of view
♣ Performance
• Enactment (conventions)
♣ Spreadability vs. drillability
• People want to share the love for this franchise (share it on social media)
♣ Immersion vs. extractability
• Watching it you’re completely invested in it (Game of Thrones)
♣ Seriality
• No closure at the end of the episode/film
♣ Continuity vs. multiplicity
Art cinema storytelling
o more passive, sometimes bad/good stuff just happens and there isn’t really a reason for it
o what’s pushing the story forward- art cinema has an emphasis on realism
o passive protagonist
o protagonist is an observer rather than motivator of action
o ambiguity
o realism and open ended
o strong authorial voice
Aperture – what does it do
o Higher range aperture or aperture
♣ Less light = concentrating the light (like laser) provides greater depth of field
♣ Smaller f-stop diffuses light and reduces depth of field
Exposure- what does it do
o is the amount of light per unit area reaching a photo or image sensor as determined by shutter speed, lens aperture, and scene luminance
o basically if it will be light or dark
Amps =
Watts/Voltage
circuits basics
Voltage assumed to be 100-120
Make sure you’re not putting more than 2000 watts in one unit
Maybe better to be 1500
Assume each circuit has 15 amps
Differences between film and digital
o film: photochemical process – exposing light to film, developing it in a dark room
o digital: light enters lens and hits an image sensor and from that point on you have a computational saved video, encodes data as it’s taking it in using a codec, let’s you edit and make changes to it, and then the codec decodes the digital to export it back, is nondestructive- can make all kinds of changes without degradation to the original (film you had to physically cut)
Bitmap:
photoshop, dreamweaver; form where you’re thinking and working with pixels and arranging them in different ways
Vector
Allows for an image to be transformed and resized to any size without losing resolution
Resolution
o. the detail an image holds.
o Thetermapplies to raster digital images, film images, and other types of images.
o Higherresolutionmeans more image detail
Lossless Compression
♣ Algorithm packs data in a way that original can be reconstructed
♣ More efficiently maps sequences of data
♣ Run-length encoding: EEEEHHH becomes E4H3 (only have to store 4 characters instead of 7 – a zip does this)
Lossy Compression
♣ Algorithm packs data but also throws away data that are considered less important (sounds beyond the range humans usually hear or mino color variations in a photo)
♣ Example: JPEG, MP3, MPEG4
♣ Nearly all video codecs, including AVCHD are lossy
Codec
o Data stream that encodes and decodes data streams
o Format that gets used in digital video
o Image sensor interpreting light as pixels, codec then files it away and puts it in a form where a computer can use it to do different thing
o Takes in info and transforms it into the language a machine will understand
Considerations for determining copyright
o Only last life of the author + 70 years
o To qualify for copyright protection, a work must be “fixed in a tangible medium of expression.”
o Does not cover ideas
Creative commons
Basically a website that has stuff on it that is free for people to use
Public domain
The legal term public domain refers to works whose exclusive intellectual property rights have expired, have been forfeited, have been expressly waived, or are inapplicable
Fair Use: two key questions
♣ Did the unlicensed use “transform” the copyrighted material by using it for a different purpose?
♣ Was the amount and nature of material taken appropriate?
Fair Use: four factors to determine
♣ nature of the new work
♣ nature of the original work
♣ amount of material taken
♣ effect on the market
Wide Shot
Big view of environment and view of subject in entirety
Long shot
Subject head to toe
Medium Long shot
Knees up
Medium close up
Mid chest
Close up
Just head
Don’t want closure (bc of look of severed head)
Want to give hair cut or head room
How would I obtain the greatest depth of field? What’s the focal length of the lens? Where do I set the aperture?
- Wide angle lens
- Focal length: shorter –stretch the sense of space and makes things look longer
- Aperture: small aperture (small hole for light to come in) and larger f stop
Shutter speed:
-how long the shutter exposes the camera’s sensor to light
o Slower speeds: more light, but more chance of blur
o Faster speeds: less light, less blur.
o Adjust using the wheel
