Study guide 60, 61, 62 Flashcards
- Which anomalies, significant narrow chest diameter?
Asphyxiating thoracic dystrohpy
- Most important determinate for fetal viability
Pulmonary development
Marjority of the heart is positioned in the midline and left chest
Apex of the heart should be directed toward the spleen
*base of the heart lies horizontal to the diaphragm
- Sonographic evaluate of normal thorax. What should it include?
- Chest circumference are made in trans plane at the level
4 chamber view of the heart
Most prominent in the second and third trimesters
Mature fetus spends 1/3 of time breathing
*is present if the fetal chest of abdomen makes seesaw movements for 20 seconds
- Fetal breathing
- Cardiac accesses, know the degrees
45 degrees
Renal agenesis
Premature rupture of membranes
*Posterior urethral valve syndrome
- Known common abnormalities associated with pulmonary hyperplasia
Type 1: Single or multiple large cysts 2cm in diameter; good prognosis after rescetion of affected lung
Type 2: Multiple small cysts,
- Sonographic findings for CAM
- Diaphragmatic herniation, anteriomedial foramen
Morgagni
- Lung cyst is the most common
Bronchogenic cyst
- Severity of pulmonary hyperplasisa is determined by what
Depends.onwhen it occurred during pregnancy
- Supernumerary of the lobe is called what
Pulmonary sequestration
Ribs form the lateral margin of the chest. Clavicles form the upper margin of the chest *Thoracic cavity is symmetric and bell shaped
- Normal sonographic appearance of a fetal chest
- Appearance of fetal lung on ultrasound
Homogeneous with moderate echogenicity
- If you see pleural fluid, what should you be looking for
diaphragm
Echogenic solid mass resembling lung tissue
Rarely occurs below diaphragm
Associated with hydrops and polyhydramnios, diaphragmatic hernia, gastrointestinal anomalies
Normal intra-abdominal anatomy
- Pulmonary sequestration, sonographic findings-
- Congenital bronchial atresia, common location
left upper lobe
- Most common type of diagrammatic defect
Posterior-laterally throigh the foramen of bochdalek (p 1320 JNO)
- Mortality rate at birth for a diaphragmatic hernia
high (75%) p 1322
- Diaphragmatic hernia is frequently associated with
Talipes(pg 1321)
cardiac defect
*vertebral defect
- Pleural fluid, what could happen?
Look for mediastinal shift
- Rupture of amnion that leads to tangle or entrapment
Amniotic band syndrome
- Rupture of amnion that leads to tangle or entrapment
Amniotic band syndrome
- Defect in the lower abdominal wall of the bladder
Cloacal exstrophy
- Anomaly with large cranial and spatial….
Limb-body wall complex
- Abdominal right of the umbilical cord
Gastroschisis
- Omphalocele and sclerosis, you should consider
Limb-body wall complex
bladder or cloacal
Exstrophy
*spinda bifida
- Omphalocele is low, what other anomaly should you consider
Organmegaly
Macroglossia
*omphalocele
- Beckwidth weidamenn, what is all concludes
- Gastorschisis atrophy of what vessel
Right umbilical vein
Omphalocele
Inguinal hernia
*undescended testes
- Lower abdominal wall in bladder extrophy
- Abdominal wall defect is most common
Gastroschsis, umbilical hernia, and omphalocele
- Critical process of closing the umbilical wall
folding
- Normal embryonic herniation of the bowl permits what, why does it go back in
Development of the intrabdominal organs
That contain only bowel might have a high risk for chromosomal abnormalities
- Omphalocele
- 19w, elevated msafp, herniation free floating bowl loops
Gastroschisis
Omphalocele, ectopic heart, distal sternum defect, diaphragmatic hernia, and diaphragmatic pericardium
- 5 defects of pentaology of pentroll
Occurs more frequently in males
Located next to the normal cord insertion
*MSAFP levels are signaificantly elevated
- Ins and outs Gastroschisis
- Prognosis for gastroschisis
excellent
- Most dramatic finding in ectopic cordis
The heart outside of the thoracic cavity
- High or super omphalocele is the primary finding in what condition
Pentalogy of cantrell
- Limb body wall defect are more common on which side
On the left side than on the right
- Common anomaly coexist with gastroschisis, TRICK
None of the above
- Dilated loops suggest
Infraction
- Herniation of omphalocele is covered with a membrane consist of
Amnion; Peritoneum
Placenta
Body stalk
*evolving abdominal wall
- Umbilical vein drains
- Hepatic bud is largest in what gestation
The seventh week
- Fetus with partial situs inversus shows what
Stomach on the right and heart on left
- Evidence of double bubble is trismy 21 is what condition
Duodenal atresia
Meconium peritonitis
cystic fibrosis
*bowel obstruction
- Dilated loops of echogenic bowel should be evaluated for what
- Where is the spleen visualized trans plane
Posterior and left of the stomach
- Know what causes of echogenic in fetal abdomen
Peritoneal calcification, meconium peritonitis, hydrometrocolpos(pg. 1348 greenbox AL)
- Cystic growth of common bile duct
choledochal cyst
- Haustral Folds found in what structure
colon
- A reminate yolk stalk is what of the follow
meckel diverticulum (pg 1338 AL)
- Sonographic demonstration of normal esophagus of 2nd and 3rd trimester
multilayer-ed pattern
- Malformation most common in midgut
meckel diverticulum
- Early you can distinguish large and small bowel
as early as 20 weeks
Most fetuses greater than 14-16 weeks demonstrate fluid in their stomach
Echogenic debris may be seen in the dependent portion of the stomach
*An esophageal anomaly is the most common cause of non visualization of the stomach
- Fetal stomach
- Transposition of liver stomach absence of gb multiple spleen obstruction of the IVC
polysplenia
- Sonolucent band identified around abdomen
pseudoascites
- Most reliable criteria for dilated bowel loops
bowel diameter
Veterbal defect
Renal anomalies
*cardiac defects
- Coexist are common with esophageal atresia
Diaphragmatic hernia
Annular pancrea
*duodenal stenosis
- Causes for double bubble
Veterbal defect
Renal anomalies
*cardiac defects
- Coexist are common with esophageal atresia
Descending colon
sigmoid colon
*urethra
- Derivative of the hindgut
- Normal diameter of fetal small bowel
5mm
Close proximity of the cyst to the neck of the gallbladder
Ovoid right upper quadrant cyst with an entering bile duct
*absence of peristalsis within the cyst
- Know what the sonographic appearance for choloductal cyst
- Peritoneal calcification 38w gestation
Meconium peritonitis
- Situs inversus
Heart is on the right; liver on the left, and spleen on right
- Vacterl is a group of anomalies assc with what anomaly
esophageal atresia (pg 1344-1345 AL)
Large compared with other intra-abdominal organs
Hepatic veins and fissures are formed b the end of the first trimester
*occupies most of the upper abdomen
- Fetal liver
- Situs inversus
Heart is on the right; liver on the left, and spleen on right
- Complex disorder of bowl in genitourinary tract
Anorectal atresia
