Study Group - Advocacy Flashcards
1
Q
What is advocacy?
A
Individuals & non-governmental organizations working together to inform public opinions, set agendas, or communicate through media about specific health topic
2
Q
How is advocacy accomplished?
A
- Adding value about need for policy change
- Engage stakeholders
- Educating decision makers about the issue
- Influencing decision makers by actions & messages of coalitions associated with health problem
- Learn decision makers’ previous knowledge & awareness of health issue
3
Q
How can HES influence outcomes through advocacy efforts to meet community needs?
A
- Make public policy & resource allocation decisions within political, economic, social systems, & institutions
- Fully understand health issue/problem & any potential solutions
- Know the best way to present information to those who can make positive changes (i.e. legislators)
- Have organized plan to increase likelihood advocacy efforts are successful
4
Q
What factors need to be considered when developing plan for advocating for health policy?
A
- Community needs assessment
- Scientific analysis of results
- Impact of any current programs
- Availability of resources that can be used to support & maintain policy
5
Q
Who has the ability to impact health-related policy?
A
- US congress
- Federal health agencies
- State legislatures
- Health care providers
- Businesses
- Local communities
6
Q
What do HES need to do to advocate for policy, systems, or environmental change?
A
Identify & prioritize health issues or behaviors
7
Q
What factors could be included in determining SDOH to aid in advocacy efforts?
A
- Individual (knowledge, attitudes)
- Interpersonal (provider recommendations)
- Organizational
- Community (media campaigns, transportation)
- Policy
8
Q
How can HES advocate for policy, systems, or environmental change in the future?
A
Explore SDOH that influence health problem/issue
9
Q
What information should HES gather from evidence-based research to prepare for advocacy efforts?
A
- Health issue(s)
- Distribution of health issues
- Impacts on health issues
- Socio-economic cost of policy
- Barriers to advocacy campaign
- Potential solutions for background information
- Desired changes
10
Q
How can evaluation & research findings in policy analysis help with advocacy?
A
- Inform health policy debates
- Help address decision makers’ information needs regarding longstanding critical issues
- Serves as key resource to help HES remain current with reported policy implications, identify solutions, & translate effective policy & media advocacy techniques
11
Q
What forces affect organizing, financing, & delivery of health-related policy?
A
- Congress
- Federal health agencies
- States
- Health care providers & businesses
- Local communities
12
Q
Factors that support advocacy
A
- Training in advocacy skills & issues
- Participating in national action (i.e. SOPHE)
- Collaboration via coalitions/partnerships
- Educational programs at collegiate level
13
Q
Factors that hinder advocacy
A
- Lack of awareness of current issues or legislation
- Lack of advocacy skills
- Positions that prohibit ability to advocate during work hours
- Lack of time & funding
- Lack of self- or collective efficacy
14
Q
How can coalitions aid in advocacy efforts?
A
- Strengthening & expanding resources by identifying existing coalitions & stakeholder allies who share similar advocacy goals/interests
- Benefits outweigh costs of joining advocacy initiative
15
Q
How can HES recruit more stakeholders to take part in advocacy initiative?
A
Benefit-to-cost analysis: emphasis on the benefits
- Identify & enlist coalitions/stakeholder opposed to legislative/policy action
16
Q
Why should HES enlist those opposed to their advocacy efforts?
A
- Assist with strategy & argument creation to persuade them on issue or find common ground
- Identifying opposition allows HES to listen to their point of view/their arguments against advocacy
- Ability to redirect resources
- Craft targeted persuasive messages to counter resistance
- Utilize listening sessions
- Gain opportunity to issue education on advocacy topic
- Opportunity for negotiated strategies & resource leverage
17
Q
What information should HES gather when conducting a review of the literature?
A
- Description of health issue
- Epidemiological data
- Health consequences/costs
- Potential interventions or solutions to address health issue
18
Q
What should HES do with the information they have gathered from literature review?
A
- Gain resources & personal stories to support collected data
- Educate decision makers (provide info without asking for action)
- Build relationship with decision makers to be able to continue providing them with credible information on health issues
19
Q
What are the goals of health communication campaigns?
A
- Increase awareness & educate priority population about disease prevention and health promoting information, attitudes, & behavior
- Influence positive, healthy behaviors
20
Q
What should HES do & include in health communication campaigns aimed at target population?
A
- Tailor messages to target audience’s interests
- Use variety of mass media, multi-media, & interpersonal communication channels & strategies
21
Q
What should HES do to ensure funding for advocacy campaign is available?
A
- Analyze coalition’s commitment
- Identify gaps in funding for advocacy activities by projecting costs
- Assess current available funds
22
Q
What needs to be included in a fundraising plan?
A
- Activities
- Strategies
- Timeline
- Evaluation
23
Q
Difference between lobbying & advocacy
A
Lobbying - asking decision makers to pass/dismiss certain policy/piece of legislation
Advocacy - creating awareness & mobilizing communities
24
Q
Grassroots Lobbying
A
Attempt to influence public opinion with respect to legislation or issue while encouraging policy maker to act
25
What point of view should health communication campaigns have?
Messages from public point of view
26
What are steps in creating a media campaign?
- Determining media goals & objectives
- State priority audiences for the message
- Craft message
- Evaluate message
27
How does media advocacy influence health policy? What does it focus on?
Focuses on advocacy issue awareness through wide information dissemination
28
What type of strategy should HES use to ensure is included in clear, specific message to persuade decision makers to act?
Persuasive message strategy
29
What is included in persuasive message strategy?
- What is said to public & decision makers
- Messenger
- Mass media
- Target audience
- Message that grabs decision makers' attention, address obstacles, & are culturally competent
30
How can HES increase likelihood of change being advocated?
- Craft messages that are simple, compelling, & supported by credible evidence
- Define health problem & provide solution
31
What can HES include in persuasive messages to turn research into message that is clear and easy to understand?
- Metaphors
- Personal stories
- Charts & graphs
- Integrate new information with existing knowledge/understanding
32
Methods to communicate persuasive messages
1. Briefs
2. Resolutions
3. Fact sheets
33
Briefs
- Focuses on one topic backed by credible, evidence-based data
- Provides decision maker with description of an issue & implications of policy enactment to address issue
34
What does a brief cover? What is length of brief?
- 6 pages or less
Defines public health problem & its importance
- Relevant evidence & data analysis
- Policy options & recommendations
- Limitations & conclusions
35
What are the different types of briefs?
1. Information brief
2. Issue brief
3. Policy impact brief
4. Policy brief
36
What is an information brief?
Summarizes research on policy approaches
37
What is an issue brief?
Summarizes all available evidence when policy solutions are unknown to date
38
What is a policy impact brief contain?
- Most information on an issue
- Large amounts of existing evidence
- Potential impact of policy implementation
39
What is a policy brief?
Summarizes best practices & policy options
40
When is policy brief used?
Policy development & implementation
41
What is a resolution?
Written statement of support of (or opposition) legislation to express group's formal opinion & desired actions
42
What is included in a resolution?
- Defines problem
- Rationale & background
- "Resolved" statement or description of recommended action
43
What is included in a fact sheet?
- one-page, easy to read document with most important & up-to-date relevant information about the issue
- Statement of issue, who is affected, & recommendations to solve the issue
- Key points emphasized by bulleted lists & charts/illustrations
44
Who are fact sheets given to?
Coalitions to be distributed to decision makers & the public
45
What does HES need to determine & create after collecting & analyzing data about health issue & potential interventions?
- Campaign objectives
- Priority policy solution
- Strategic plan
46
What is the first step in addressing proposed policy change?
Set advocacy agenda to inform advocacy plan
47
Advocacy Agenda
- Clear action
- Identify decision makers to potentially implement action change
- Create effective, persuasive advocacy message
48
What can help coalitions to identify priority issue & focus their efforts?
- Comprehensive program plan
- Ensure health issue affects many community members & is important to priority population
- Issue must be supported by evidence/data
- Health needs assessment
- Asset inventories
49
What do coalitions need to consider when choosing health issue of interest to the community?
- What could be gained by supporting the issue
- Stage of readiness & commitment of coalition to address the issue
- Other groups that are affected by the issue
- Any policies that are already in existence to deal with the issue
50
What are important parts of developing health policy plans that is not a part of program planning?
- Hidden agendas
- Differing values system
- Action within political system
- Advocacy planning & action occur simultaneously
- Assessment os continual task
51
What are the phases of health policy planning?
1. Political/organizational analysis
2. Issue identification & framing
3. Goal creation
4. Information gathering
5. Actions
6. Evaluation
52
What should be in an advocacy plan?
- Goals
Organizations
- Who will benefit
- Actions
- Timelines
- Responsible personnel
- Resources needed
- Assets
- Allies/opponents
- Targets & agents
- Strategies/tactics used
- Specific action steps to be evaluated
53
What should be in advocacy presentation when meeting with decision makers?
- Background materials
- Prioritization of most important points
54
Types of Advocacy Strategies
1. Direct advocacy
2. Educating groups to vote or organize health issue
3. Multi-media
4. Traditional
5. Social
6. Emerging technologies
55
What are the 4 basic ways HES can involve communities in process of making health decisions?
- Make sure health program affects at least majority of population
- Ask for feedback
- Establish clear system for getting involved
- Emphasize role of community involvement
56
Stages of Social Marketing
1. Markey analysis
2. Planning
3. Developing & testing materials
4. Implementation
5. Assessing effectiveness (based on identified indicators)
6. Feedback for refinement
57
What are the Ps of social marketing?
1. Product*
2. Price*
3. Place*
4. Promotion*
5. Public
6. Partnership
7. Policy advocacy
8. Purse strings
58
What does APHA provide?
- Health related legislation updates
- Media guide
- Legislative action center
59
What does legislative action center enable members to do?
Email local political representatives
60
What do media guide via APHA allow members to do?
Send electronic letters to local media
61
BALLOTPEDIA
Online encyclopedia of American politics & elections
- Lifetime voting records for US senators & representatives
62
What is Capwiz?
Site where elected officials are listed by location
63
How can Capwiz be used?
To connect with appropriate elected officials based on zip code
64
What does advocacy effort evaluation allow coalitions to do?
- Monitor & track progress, gains, changes, & resource allocation (for both primary & secondary goals)
- Use quantitative & qualitative methods to collect data to assess if advocacy goals were met
65
How can HES monitor progress to evaluate whether advocacy goals have been met?
- Clarify goals
- Create timeliness
- Determine how results will be used
66
What is the focus of advocacy evaluation?
Acquiring best information to guide future decision making on the way to policy change
67
Challenges of Advocacy Evaluation
- Campaigns are long
- Coalition's sustainability level over life of campaign
- Types of evaluation designs necessary
- Need for tracking "small steps" in progression of campaign
68
What are process indicators for advocacy?
- Campaign reach
- Activities & tactics counts
69
What are impact evaluation of advocacy?
Measures policy awareness or public attitude change
70
What is outcome evaluation of advocacy?
Was policy adopted?
71
What are process indicators for media advocacy campaign?
Monitor message reach, influence, & strategy to improve efforts/revise messages when necessary
72
What is outcome evaluation of media advocacy campaign?
Measures message effect on decision makers & public
73
What is advocacy evaluation used for?
- Determine if campaign is making a difference
- Modify activities & strategies
- Secure grant funding & other resources
- Communicate & publicize campaign successes
74
What information can HES gather/do to increase likelihood of legislative support?
- Are they supportive of policy change (find most localized data to present)
- Do they or their family been affected by the issue?
- Who are their influencers?
- What similar issues do they support?
- Any other self-interests to proposed policy change
- Analyze & chart political capital, communications capacity, & # of supporters they can organize
- Research voting record, issues they are passionate about, future political ambitions, upcoming elections, values/ideals, & organizational relationships
75
What should be included in asset inventory?
- Identify advocacy campaign resources & gaps
- Strategy to list & categorize resources that advocacy coalition could use during campaign to make policy or environmental changes within community
76
How does an asset inventory help HES?
- Helps HES identify skills gaps in coalition membership
- Helps HES identify coalition expertise related to health issues and/or advocacy skills
- Helps coalition determine best locations, audiences, & community networks to target
77
How can social media aid in advocacy efforts?
1. Can be used to inform public on issue
2. Assists in gaining supporters for the cause
3. May increase awareness
4. Compliments traditional media
5. May increase likelihood of community addressing health issue with decision makers
78
What is included in a news release?
- Most important information of special event
- Contains who is involved, nature of event, location/time
- Include contact information for organization in charge of event/program
- Include facts that will increase public interest & encourage attention of news media
79
Important things to consider when developing news release
- No more than 2 to 3 paragraphs
- Start with most important information
80
Measuring Primary Advocacy Goals
Compare advocacy outcome with coalition position statement that includes priority issue & goal
81
Measuring Secondary Advocacy Goal
Help determine if progress is being made towards primary goal
e.g. Coalition capacity, change in community norms, outreach efforts
82
Policy vs Media vs Legislative Advocacy
Policy - Effort of individuals/organization to persuade gov't to improve health policies
Legislative advocacy - Educators work with lawmakers to make positive changes in gov't health policies
Media - Effort to use media exposure of short, single messages (understood by non-experts) to gain support for health policy change
83
What should HES consider when developing an effective PSA?
- Focus on central issue
- Target very specific population
- Must get to the point (15-30 sec)
- Streamline message
- Images should support & reinforce PSA
