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CHES > AOR 5 Advocacy > Flashcards

AOR 5 Advocacy Flashcards

1
Q

HES are expected to advocate for promoting health of priority populations. What does this mean?

A

initiate & promote legislation, laws, rules, policies, & procedures that are designed to enhance health

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2
Q

Act

A

bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers of US Congress, been signed into law by the president, & has become an individual law

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3
Q

Activism

A

engaging in activities such as peaceful protests, civil disobedience, or boycotting

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4
Q

Advising

A

when an organization or individual shares info without indicating a preference for which way a specific policy or legislation may go

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5
Q

Advocacy

A

when individuals or non-government organizations work together to build coalitions, inform public opinion, set agendas, or communicate through the media about a specific topic

  • adds value judgment about need or policy change while educating decision-makers about the issue
  • Use of advocacy communication messages to emphasize importance of the issue (with knowledge of decision makers previous knowledge & awareness of the health issues)
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6
Q

Agenda

A

proposed order of business for a political meeting or party

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7
Q

Constituent

A

a citizen residing in the district for which a specific legislator covers

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8
Q

Cultural Inclusion

A

ensuring all individuals, especially those historically excluded, are included in the process of decision makiing

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9
Q

Health Equity

A

state wherein everyone has the same opportunities and access to attain optimal health

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10
Q

Legislator

A

elected member of legislative body

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11
Q

Legislation

A

branch of gov’t responsible for enacting laws

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12
Q

Lobbying

A

action of an organization where someone is paid to persuade elected officials to vote or take action on a specific topic or piece of legislation

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13
Q

Lobbyist

A

person who is paid by a specific interest group to influence legislation

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14
Q

Media Advocacy

A

individual, coalition, or organization uses the media to advance specific initiative

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15
Q

Media Relations

A

when an organization creates management plan to share info with larger public

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16
Q

Public Policy

A

multifaceted approach to solving issues of public funding & is also seen as the “output” of gov’t

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17
Q

Policy Maker

A

anyone who makes decisions that impact others

*e.g. members of US Congress

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18
Q

Political Action Committees (PACs)

A

established & administered by corporations, labor unions, & other membership organizations with the purpose of soliciting funds from individuals associated with sponsoring organization

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19
Q

Resolution

A

document to express opinions or intent of specific organization or legislative chamber

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20
Q

Upstream Factors

A

focus on the cause of the problem at the broadest or initial occurrence

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21
Q

HES needs to ______________ for policy, systems, or environmental change. This process includes exploring _______________ that influence an issue for future advocacy efforts.

A

identify & prioritize health issues or behaviors; social determinant of health (SOH)

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22
Q

Defining the SOH for advocacy can assist HES in defining _________________

A

advocacy & policy change goals & objectives

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23
Q

How do HES determine SOH affecting a specific health problem within priority population?

A

socio-ecological model (factors may include: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, & policy)

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24
Q

What are some examples of SOH based on the socio-ecological model?

A

Individual - knowledge, attitudes, skills

Interpersonal - provider recommendation

community - media campaigns, transportation

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25
Q

How do HES prepare for making advocacy efforts?

A

find evidence-based info about health issues, impacts of health health issues, & potential solutions for background information

  • background info should include socio-economic costs of policy & barriers to advocacy campaign
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26
Q

HES should use ____________ to inform health policy debates & to help address decision makers’ info needs regarding critical issues. How does this help HES influence decision makers?

A

evaluation & research findings in policy analysis

stay current with reported policy implications, identify solutions, & translate effective policy & media advocacy techniques

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27
Q

What does health policy include?

A

factors & forces that affect the health of the public

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28
Q

Forces that can affect health of the public include ___________________.

A

congress, federal health agencies, states, health care providers, businesses, & local communities

  • includes organizing, financing, & delivery of health related policy
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29
Q

What are factors that could hinder advocacy efforts?

A
  • lack of awareness of current issues or legislation
  • lack of advocacy skills
  • positions that prohibit ability to advocate durinng work hours
  • lack of time
  • lack of funding
  • lack of self or collective efficacy
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30
Q

Opportunities for Advocacy

A
  1. Training in advocacy skills & issues
  2. Participating in national action (SOPHE, APHA, NACCHO) which do important research & connect HES with their legislators
  3. Collaborating among organizations through coalitions & other partnerships
  4. Training programs in course at universities that focus on advocacy, creating advocacy tracks in programs, & creating certificates in public health advocacy
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31
Q

To ensure effective advocacy efforts, HES must engage _____________ who are often also _______________.

A

Stakeholders; gatekeepers to grass roots mobilization

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32
Q

Importance of Coalitions for Advocacy

A
  • Change agents for policy, system, environmental change
  • expand resources for advocacy initiatives
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33
Q

Allies are more likely to join advocacy initiative if….

A

benefits of achieving advocacy goal outweighs their coalition costs in time, money, & effort

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34
Q

How will HES deal with coalitions/stakeholders opposed to proposed legislative or policy action they are advocating for?

A

assist the group with strategy & argument creating to attempt to persuade them on the issue or find common ground
* listen to their arguments, redirect resources, & craft targeted persuasive messages to counter resistance
* encourage their assistance through listening sessions, issue education, & opportunity for negotiated strategies and resource leverage

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35
Q

What is HES looking for when recruiting coalitions in support of advocacy initiative?

A
  • prioritize benefit-to-cost within the group
  • look for coalitions and/or stakeholders who have unique expertise that their coalition is lacking
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36
Q

What information helps HES to influence decision makers about proposed policy, system, or environmental change?

A

research and analyze level of public support and factors that may affect their constituents from credible sources

  • Include: description of health issue, epidemiological effects, health costs and consequences, potential interventions to address the issue, program/intervention evaluation results
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37
Q

What information should HES gain about decision makers who are/may be supportive of the proposed policy change?

A
  • if they or their family have been affected by the issue
  • who their influencers are
  • what similar issues do they support
  • any self interests related to proposed policy
  • analysis of their political capital, communication capacity, & # of supporters they can organize
  • their voting record, issues they are passionate about, future political ambitions & upcoming elections
  • their organizational relationships & members
  • their personal values & ideals
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38
Q

Health Communication Campaigns

A
  • increases awareness and educates priority population about diseases-preventing & health-promoting behaviors
  • Uses mass media, multi-media, & inter-personal communication channels and strategies
  • can be used to educate on proposed policy, system, or environmental change
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39
Q

When using health communication campaigns to advocate for change, who is the priority population? Secondary Population?

A

Priority - those with power to affect change (primary focus)

Secondary - the public

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40
Q

What does Asset Inventory identify?

A
  • Advocacy Campaign resources & gaps
  • Skills gaps in coalition membership
  • Potential coalition members with needed expertise related to health issue and/or advocacy skills (community organizing; writing briefs)
41
Q

Community Asset Mapping

A

Strategy to list & categorize resources that advocacy coalition can use during advocacy campaign for change and resource gaps within the community

  • helps with determining best locations, audiences, and community networks to target
42
Q

What should be included in a comprehensive fundraising plan to identify appropriate approaches to fill budget gaps for advocacy efforts?

A

Activities, strategies, timeline, & evaluation

43
Q

Difference between lobbying and grassroots lobbying

A

Lobbying - any attempt to influence specific legislation according to federal law

Grassroots Lobbying - attempts to influence public opinion with respect to legislation or issue & encourage policy-maker to act

44
Q

Lobbying vs Advocacy

A

Lobbying - asking decision makers to pass or dismiss a certain policy or piece of legislation

Advocacy - more general; creating awareness or mobilizing the communities

45
Q

Steps for creating campaign messages

A
  1. determine media goals and objectives
  2. state priority audiences for the message
  3. craft the message
  4. evaluate the message
46
Q

What can assist in influencing health policy via wide information dissemination?

A

Media Advocacy

47
Q

What should be included in developing a PERSUASIVE message strategy to get decision makers to act

A
  • message that grabs decision makers attention (simple; compelling), addressing obstacles, & is culturally competent
  • supported by credible evidence
  • directed toward those who can implement change
  • combine new information with existing understanding
48
Q

How can HES provide clear, easy to understand persuasive messages?

A

use of metaphors, personal stories, charts & graphs

49
Q

What methods can be used to get persuasive messages to decision makers?

A
  1. briefs
  2. resolutions
  3. fact sheets
50
Q

Information brief

A

summarizes research on policy approaches

51
Q

Issue Brief

A

all available evidence when policy solutions are currently unknown

52
Q

Policy Impact Brief

A

large amounts of existing evidence and potential impact of policy implementation

  • contains most information on an issue
53
Q

Policy Brief

A

summarizes best practices & policy options

  • used in policy development & implementation
  • focuses on 1 topic & is backed by credible, evidence based data
54
Q

A brief provides decision makers with _______________

A

description of an issue & implications of policy enactment to address the issue

55
Q

What specifically is included in a policy brief? How long is a policy brief?

A
  1. defined public health problem & its importance
  2. relevant evidence & data analysis
  3. policy options & recommendations
  4. Limitations & Conclusions
  • 6 pages or less
56
Q

Resolutions

A

written statements of support or opposition to legislation to express group’s formal opinion & desired actions

57
Q

What is included in a resolution?

A
  • defined problem or issue
  • rationale & background described using statements prefaced “whereas” clauses
  • “resolved” statement or description of recommended action completes resolution
58
Q

Fact Sheets

A

one page, easy to read on letter size colored paper focusing on most important up-to-date relevant info about the issue

59
Q

What should be included in a fact sheet?

A
  • statement of the issue
  • who is affected
  • recommendations to solve the issue

*headline/title
* use of bulleted list
* use of charts or simple illustrations to emphasize key points

60
Q

Once data is collected and analyzed, HES can determine _________________

A

campaign objectives, identify priority policy solution, & create strategy plan

61
Q

What is the 1st step in addressing proposed policy change?

A

Set advocacy agenda

62
Q

Steps in creating advocacy plan

A
  1. determine clear action for advocacy plan
  2. identify decision makers who can implement the change
  3. create effective, persuasive message from credible influencers
63
Q

The health issue for the health policy advocacy plan should be __________________ and be part of a comprehensive program plan

A
  • reflect identified community health issue that community members are passionate about/have deep feelings
  • winnable & specific
  • affect many community members
  • supported by evidence
    *involve coalition members
64
Q

________________ & ________________ can assist in helping coalition members focus their efforts & identify the health policy advocacy issue

A

Needs Assessment & Asset Inventory

65
Q

What is necessary for a coalition to consider when choosing health issue of community interest?

A
  • what can be gained by supporting the issue
  • what is the stage of readiness & commitment of coalition to address the issue
  • what other groups are affected by the issue
  • what policies are already in existence to deal with the health issue
66
Q

3 Forms of promoting health issue

A
  1. Voluntary Policy
  2. Local Ordinance or Law
  3. State or Federal Law
67
Q

Similarities between program planning & health policy advocacy plans

A
  1. must be created in advance of taking action
  2. conducted with coalition or partners
  3. include goals/objectives
  4. asset assessment
  5. community support analysis
  6. change targets
  7. strategy style
  8. action steps
68
Q

Differences between program planning & health policy advocacy plans

A

Advocacy has:

  • hidden agendas
  • differing values system
  • actions within political system
  • advocacy planning & advocacy action happen simultaneously (assessment is a continuing task)
69
Q

Advocacy Planning Phases

A
  1. Political/Organizational Analysis
  2. Issue identification & framing
  3. Goal creation
  4. Information gathering
  5. Actions
  6. Evaluation
70
Q

What is included in an advocacy plan?

A

goals, actions. timelines, responsible personnel, needed resources

Assets, allies/opponents, targets & agents, strategies used, specific action steps that can be evaluated

71
Q

Important things to do when meeting with decision makers

A
  1. prepare background materials
  2. prioritize most important points
  3. be professional in advocacy presentation
72
Q

Ways to advocate for a health issue

A
  1. Direct Advocacy - meeting with local city official or legislator
  2. Media Advocacy
  3. Educating groups to vote or organize health issue
73
Q

Advocacy initiatives are designed to ________________

A

Influence Policy or Law

74
Q

Types of Strategies to include in Advocacy Plan

A

Traditional, Social, & Emerging Technologies

75
Q

Traditional Advocacy Strategies

A
  • Voting Behavior - register to vote; encourage others to vote
  • Electioneering - contributing to candidate’s campaign that is supportive of public health/health education
  • Direct Lobbying - contacting policy maker
  • Grassroots - town hall meetings, petitions
  • Media Advocacy
76
Q

Social Advocacy Techniques

A
  • Social Media Platforms
  • Signing online petitions
77
Q

Internet Action Networks

A
  • APHA
  • BALLOTPEDIA
  • Capwiz
78
Q

What information can be found on APHA website?

A
  • Legislation Updates that contain info about health related legislation
  • Media Guide that allows members to send electronic letters to local media
  • Legislative Action Center has regular updates posted on legislation & allows members to email local political respresentatives
79
Q

What information can BALLOTPEDIA provide?

A
  • online encyclopedia of American politics & elections
  • lifetime voting records for US Senators & Representatives
80
Q

What information can be found on Capwiz?

A
  • website where elective officials are listed based on location
  • used to connect constituents with appropriate elected officials based on zip code
81
Q

Emerging Technologies

A

Mobile Technology to communicate with people across large distances

82
Q

Advocacy effort evaluations allow coalitions to ________________________

A

monitor and track progress, gains, changes, & resource allocation

83
Q

Advocacy campaigns are focused on an overall goal with _____________________

A

specific objectives or secondary goals necessary to achieve the overall goal

84
Q

Challenges of Advocacy Evaluation

A
  • Long duration of Campaign
  • Coalition’s sustainability level
  • Types of necessary evaluation designs
  • Need for tracking “small steps” in progression of campaign
85
Q

Steps (in order) of advocacy evaluation

A
  1. Establish the purpose & audience for evaluation
  2. Define goals & objectives prioritizing primary & secondary goals
86
Q

Why are secondary goals important in Advocacy Plan & evaluation?

A

Help determine if progress is being made toward primary goal

87
Q

What are examples of Primary goals in advocacy?

A

Policy adoption, placement, or maintenance

88
Q

Examples of Secondary Goals in Advocacy

A
  • partnership formation & co-sponsorship
  • support of health issue
  • outreach efforts
  • strategies & tactics
  • coalition capacity
  • change in community norms
89
Q

Before collecting & analyzing evaluation data, HES should match __________________

A

measures & data collection strategies

90
Q

Order of types of Advocacy Evaluation

A
  1. Process Evaluation
  2. Impact Evaluation
  3. Outcome Evaluation
91
Q

Campaign reach and activities in advocacy are what type of evalulation?

A

Process

92
Q

Impact evaluation is used to measure __________________

A

policy awareness & public attitude change

93
Q

What does advocacy outcome evaluation measure?

A
  • whether policy change was adopted
  • Effect of media advocacy campaign on decision makers & the public
94
Q

Why is advocacy process evaluation important?

A

Monitoring media advocacy strategy to improve efforts and revise messages when necessary

95
Q

To measure the primary goal, the HES should compare ________________ with _____________________

A

advocacy outcome; coalition position statements that include the priority issue & goal

96
Q

How can advocacy evaluation results be used?

A
  • Determine if the campaign is making a difference
  • Modify activities & strategies
  • Secure grant funding & other resources
  • Communicate & publicize campaign successes
97
Q

How can advocacy evaluation help coalitions?

A
  • Justify funding
  • Demonstrate accountability to decision makers & funders
  • Show outcomes over time
  • Enhance coalition image
98
Q

Evaluations for health media campaigns can provide _________________

A
  • Adjustments to campaign goals
  • Used to inform strategies for next campaign influence

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