Study Designs Flashcards
Mastery
Study Designs
* Study Designs for Qualitative and Quantitative studies
- Often the study design will focus or limit…
- Study Design is the template for how….
- It focuses on how changes in the dependent variable are…
- Study design involves all aspects of the study:…
Two major branches:
… studies … studies
Study Designs
* Study Designs for Qualitative and Quantitative studies
- Often the study design will focus or limit what types of predictions the study can make
- Study Design is the template for how the study is
conducted. - It focuses on how changes in the dependent variable are observed and recorded.
- Study design involves all aspects of the study:
sampling, control, measurement, analysis,
reporting …
Two major branches:
Experimental studies Observational studies
Observational studies
Researchers do not impose…
** can be called … **
One of the main characteristic: ????
Cross sectional studies (…)
Longitudinal studies (….)
Case study (….)
Case control study(…)
Qualitative examples…
*
*
*
*
*
Researchers do not impose an intervention, Descriptive studies
** can be called epidemiological studies **
One of the main characteristic: time
Cross sectional studies (slice in time)
Longitudinal studies (descriptive over time)
Case study (These involve an in-depth investigation of a specific individual, group, event, or community. They often involve detailed data collection from multiple sources.)
Case control study(a research method that compares two groups of people, one with a condition and one without.)
Qualitative examples…
NEPFD
* Narrative
* Ethnographic
* Participant observation
* Focus groups
* Document analysis
Experimental studies
Researchers actively….
- Researchers impose…
- Something is…
- This is the …
- Something is being measured for a change…
- This is the …
- A question (hypothesis) is being tested and compared
- (null hypothesis = …
AFTER
Two major forms:
1)
2)
Most bang for your buck can be used in conditions where the measure…
Researchers actively manipulate the participant or the environment or both…
- Researchers impose an intervention (changes something)
- Something is manipulated, controlled, altered,….
- This is the independent variable (IV) (note a placebo is not a IV)
- Something is being measured for a change…
- This is the dependent variable (DV), the thing that changes in response to the
IV manipulation… - A question (hypothesis) is being tested and compared
- (null hypothesis = nothing changes or there is no observed change)
AFTER
1) Pre-experimental (no randomization )
Pre-experimental groups the IV is manipulated for everyone.
2) Quasi-experimental (no true control) with or without Crossover design
Quasi-experimental studies everyone is their own “control”
Subject group is relatively small (most of the time)
Most bang for your buck can be used in conditions where the measure is
difficult there are problems when you don’t have randomization or a “true”
contro
Qualitative subsamples of experimental designs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Qualitative subsamples of experimental designs.
1.Single-Case Experimental Design
2.Focus Group Study
3.Ethnographic Study
4.Phenomenological Study
5.Grounded Theory Study
6.Case Stud
Experiental studies
Researchers impose an intervention
RCT?
what is it?
* RCT’s contain:
*
*
*
Researchers impose an intervention
Randomized control trial – RCT
(true experimental, highest level)
* RCT’s contain:
Randomization
* Control groups / independent variables
* Blinding
stratified longitudinal
eg.
Stratification: The study population is divided into distinct subgroups (strata) based on specific characteristics
Longitudinal Design: Data is collected from the same participants repeatedly over time, allowing researchers to observe changes, trends, and causal relationships.
A health study on diabetes might stratify participants into different age groups (e.g., 20-40, 41-60, 61+), then follow them over 10 years to track how diet and exercise influence blood sugar levels within each age group.
