Stucture and Function of Arteries, Capillaries and Veins Unit 2 Flashcards
Which 3 parts make up the cardiovascular system ?
- Blood
- Blood vessels
- Heart
What name is given to the area in a blood vessel that the blood flows through ?
Lumen
What name is given to the lining of the lumen ?
Endothelium
What are the 5 types of blood vessels ?
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Veins
- Venules
Which type of blood vessel carries blood at high pressure away from the heart ?
Arteries
Which type of blood vessel carries blood at low pressure towards the heart ?
Veins
Which type of blood vessel links arteries to capillaries ?
Arterioles
Which type of blood vessel links veins to capillaries ?
Venules
Name 3 structural differences between an artery and veins
- Arteries have a thick muscular wall and veins have a thinner muscular wall
- Arteries don’t have valves but veins do have valves
- Arteries have a narrow lumen and veins have a wider lumen
What name is given to the process where arterioles can narrow ?
Vasoconstriction
What name is given to the process where arterioles can widen ?
Vasodilation
Which blood vessels are knows as the exchange vessels ?
Capillaries
What substance consists of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets bathed in plasma ?
Blood
What substances are dissolved in plasma ?
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Useful ions
- Oxygen
When blood plasma leaks out of the capillaries it is known as what ?
Tissue fluid
In what way is tissue fluid different from blood plasma ?
Tissue fluid does not contain plasma proteins
Why does tissue fluid not contain protein ?
It is too big to pass through the walls of the capillaries
Name some materials that are delivered to the cells via tissue fluid
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Oxygen
- Hormones
Name a waste gas that is removed from the cells via tissue fluid
Carbon dioxide
Name two ways in which tissue fluid is returned to the circulatory system
- By osmosis directly into the capillaries as tissue fluid has a higher water concentration compared to blood plasma
- It can also pass into the lymphatic system
What is tissue fluid known as when in the lymph vessels of the lymphatic system ?
Lymph
What is the lymphatic system ?
A series of vessels that carry lymph fluid derived from blood that eventually returns the lymph to the bloodstream
How does lymph eventually drain back into the circulatory system ?
By being compressed as the body moves and passed along the lymphatic system and eventually then drains into two veins coming from the arms
If lymph is prevented from draining back into the lymphatic system because of parasites invading the system, then this results in a condition where fluid gathers in excessive amounts in the tissues, what is this condition ?
Elephantiasis
Malnutrition can cause fluid to gather in the abdomen because there is no difference in the water concentration of tissue fluid and blood plasma, name this condition ?
Kwashiorkor
