Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HIGHER HUMAN BIOLOGY > Blood Glucose Levels and Obesity Unit 2 > Flashcards

Blood Glucose Levels and Obesity Unit 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How much sugar should be in the blood plasma usually ?

A

Around 5 millimoles per litre (5mmol/l)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much sugar can be found in the blood of a diabetic person ?

A

Sometimes as much as 30mmol/l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which part of the blood vessels absorbs the excess glucose if a diabetic person ?

A

The endothelium of the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens to blood vessels that take in more glucose than usual ?

A

They become weaker and burst and bleed into surrounding tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What name is given to the condition caused by blood vessels that burst due to the weight of glucose in them ?

A

Microvascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What organs can microvascular disease affect ?

A

Retina of the eyes, kidneys and the body’s extremities like the arms and legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is glucose stored as in the liver ?

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Whenever glucose concentration rises following a meal, receptor cells in which organ detects it ?

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which hormone is released by the pancreas following a rise in blood glucose levels ?

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organ does insulin hormone released by the pancreas go to ?

A

The Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What reaction is triggered in the liver by the hormone insulin ?

A

Glucose —> Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver, what does this do to blood glucose levels ?

A

Lowers it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Whenever glucose levels fall and are ‘fone’ from the blood following a period without food or after sleeping, which organ detects it ?

A

The pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which hormone is released by the pancreas following a fall in blood glucose levels ?

A

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What organ does glucagon hormone released by the liver go to ?

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What reaction is triggered in the liver by the hormone glucagon ?

A

Glycogen —> Glucose

17
Q

When glycogen is converted to glucose in the liver and the glucose is release into the blood, what does this do to blood glucose levels ?

A

Raise it

18
Q

The constant retiring of glucose levels to a set point operates on what principle ?

A

Negative feedback control

19
Q

Which hormone can promote the conversion of more glycogen to glucose in the liver to increase the supplies of glucose in the blood ?

A

Adrenaline

20
Q

When would adrenaline be released ?

A

During exercise or the ‘fight or flight’ reactions

21
Q

Name the two types of diabetes

A

Type 1 and type 2

22
Q

Which type of diabetes is not linked to obesity ?

A

Type 1

23
Q

What type of diabetes is linked to obesity ?

A

Type 2

24
Q

How is type 1 diabetes controlled ?

A

By insulin injection and careful diet

25
Q

In which type of diabetes are the receptors for insulin decreased and least sensitive to insulin ?

A

Type 2

26
Q

Which type of diabetes tends to occur in childhood ?

A

Type 1

27
Q

What would be found in the urine of a diabetic person ?

A

Glucose

28
Q

What test do doctors carry out to diagnose diabetes ?

A

Glucose tolerance test

29
Q

Give a brief description of the glucose tolerance test

A
  • Person fasts for 8 hours
  • Blood glucose levels measure
  • Person given a drink loaded with a known amount of glucose
  • The blood glucose levels are then monitored to see if they come back down to normal within 2.5 hours.
  • The results are plotted to give a glucose tolerance curve
30
Q

What condition is characterised by the accumulation of excess fat compared to lean tissue such as muscle ?

A

Obesity

31
Q

Give three health problems caused by obesity ?

A
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Type 2 diabetes
32
Q

What is the formula for calculating Body Mass Index ?

A

(BMI) = Weight (kg) divided by height in metres squared

33
Q

Who might a BMI not be accurate for ?

A

Bodybuilders as muscle weights more than fat and so the BMI might come out higher than it should be

HIGHER HUMAN BIOLOGY (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions