Structures of The Body: Cells

Question 1

the body is made up of increasingly larger and more complex structural units. From smallest to largest, these are called…

Answer 1

Cells,

Tissues,

Organs,

and Body Systems

Question 2

The basic structural and functional units of the body.

Answer 2

Cells

Question 3

The study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell.

Answer 3

Cytology

cyt/o - cell

-ology - the study of

Question 4

The specialist in the study and analysis of cells.

Answer 4

Cytologist

cyt/o - cell

-ologist – specialist

Question 5

Is the tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of a cell from the external environment.

Answer 5

Cell membrane

Question 6

Is the material within the cell membrane that is “not” part of the nucleus.

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

cyt/o = cell

plasm – formative materials of cells

Question 7

Is surrounded by the nuclear membrane, is a structure within the cell.

It has two important functions:

> It controls the activities of the cell
It helps the cell divide

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

Are unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.

Answer 8

Stem cells

Question 9

Also known as “somatic stem cells”, are undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ.

The primary role of these cells is to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found.

Answer 9

Adult stem cells

Question 10

This term means of not having a specialized function or structure.

Answer 10

Undifferentiated

Question 11

This term means of having a specialized function or structure.

Answer 11

Differentiated

Question 12

The cells that have been harvested from a donor’s bone marrow are from…

Answer 12

Hemopoietic tissue

blood forming

Question 13

However, unless there is an excellent match between the donor and recipient, then there is the possibility of rejection, also know as…

Answer 13

Graft-versus-host disease

Question 14

These are the undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell; however, they have the important ability to form “any” adult cells.

Answer 14

Embryonic stem cells

embryonic = embryo, a developing child during in the first eight weeks in the womb

embry/o = fertilized ovum

-nic = pertaining to

Question 15

This is where embryonic stem cells comes from. The blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta of a newborn infant.

Answer 15

Cord blood