DNA

Question 1

Is a shape twisted like a spiral staircase.

Answer 1

Helix

Question 2

Consists of two of these strands twisted together.

Answer 2

Double helix

Question 3

This is found in the nucleus of all types of cells except erythrocytes (red blood cells). The difference here is due to the fact that erythrocytes do not have a nucleus.

Answer 3

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

Is a change of the sequence of a DNA molecule. Potential cause of this include exposure to radiation or environmental pollution.

Answer 4

Genetic Mutation

Question 5

Is a change within the cells of the body. These change affect the individual but “cannot” be transmitted to the next generation.

Answer 5

Somatic cell mutation

Question 6

Is a change within the genes in a gamete (sex cell) that “can” be transmitted by a parent to his or her children.

Answer 6

Gametic cell mutation

Question 7

Is the manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes.

Example: the production of human insulin from modified bacteria.

Answer 7

Genetic engineering

Question 8

Also known as hereditary disorder, it is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene. Some genetic disorders are obvious at birth. Others may manifest (became evident) at any time in life.

Answer 8

Genetic disorder

Question 9

A genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems.

Answer 9

Cystic fibrosis

Question 10

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.

Answer 10

Hemophilia

Question 11

Is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury.

Answer 11

Blood Coagulation Disorder

Question 12

A genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child.

> has 50-50 chance of inheriting this defective gene,

> causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife.

Answer 12

Huntington’s disease

Question 13

Means “worsening condition”. This damage eventually results in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities.

Answer 13

Degeneration

Question 14

A group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement.

Answer 14

Muscular dystrophy

Question 15

A rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme “phenylalanine hydroxylase” is missing.

Answer 15

Phenylketonuria