Structure Of The Skeleton Flashcards
What is the function of the skeleton
Protection, movement, storage, support, red blood cell formation
What are the two types of bone tissue
Compact Bone, Cancellous (trabecular) Bone
What are the characteristics of compact bone
Strong
Good at transmitting force in one direction
What are the characteristics of Cancellous Bone
Light and spongy
Shock absorbing
Resists and channels forces that come form multiple directions
What are the 4 bone classes
Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
What are the characteristics of long bones
Longer than wide
Wider epiphysis (bone head), longer diaphysis (bone shaft)
Act as levers for movement
Thicker, compact bone in diaphysis
Mostly limb bones
What are the characteristics of short bone
Close to equal length and width
Weight bearing (multi directional)
Mostly cancellous (trabecular) bone
What are the characteristics of flat bone
Function usually for muscle attachment
Also function as protection
Thin plates of compact bone
What are the characteristics of irregular bone
Doesn’t seem to fit into any other category
Various shapes and functions
What are the two division of the skeleton
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Outline the Axial skeleton
Bones of the core (e.g. skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum, cocyx)
Protection of vital organs
Outline the appendicular skeleton
Bones of the limbs
Most important for movement
What is the function of the cranium
Encloses the brain (protection)
Muscular attachment
What are the functions of facial bone
Protect and support sensory organs
What are the skull bone joints called, and what is their main characteristic
Sutures
They are immovable
What are the functions of the vertebral column
Keeps the trunk upright/supported (lots of muscle/ligament attachment points)
Supports head
What are the devisions of the vertebral column
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum and coccyx
What are the components of the rib cage
Ribs
Sternum
What is the function of the rib cage
Protection of organs in the chest
What are the characteristics of the limb bone structure
Singular proximal long bone (humerus, femur)
Two distal long bones (radius/ulnar, tibia/fibula)
Name the parts of the upper limb (superior then inferior)
Arm
Forearm
Name the parts of the lower limb (superior then inferior)
Thigh
Leg
Outline the characteristics that seperate the humerus and the femur
Humerous - shorter, lighter
Deeper articulation for proximal femur than proximal humerus
Stability vs movement (femur, humerus)
What is pronation and supination (forearm)
Pronation - palm facing downwards, radius/ulnar crossed
Supination - palm facing upwards, radius/ulnar parallel
What characteristics distinguish between the mobility of the leg and the forearm
Forearm - pronation/supination
Leg - no pronation/supination
What 3 bones make up the hand, and how many of each
Carpals - 8
Metacarpals - 5
Phalanges - 14
What 3 bones make up the foot, and how many of each
Tarsals - 7
Metatarsals - 5
Phalanges - 14
How do the upper and lower limbs attach to the axial skeleton
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
What bones are involved in the pectoral girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
What bones are involved in the Pelvic girdle
Hip bones
Sacrum
Outline the functions of the 2 bones in the pectoral girdle
Clavicle - stabilising strut
Scapula - free moving muscle attachments
Outline the differences between the male and female pelvic anatomy
Female pelvic cavity more circular
Pelvic outlet more open in females
