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Hubs > Structure Of The Skeleton > Flashcards

Structure Of The Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the skeleton

A

Protection, movement, storage, support, red blood cell formation

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2
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue

A

Compact Bone, Cancellous (trabecular) Bone

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of compact bone

A

Strong
Good at transmitting force in one direction

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of Cancellous Bone

A

Light and spongy
Shock absorbing
Resists and channels forces that come form multiple directions

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5
Q

What are the 4 bone classes

A

Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of long bones

A

Longer than wide
Wider epiphysis (bone head), longer diaphysis (bone shaft)
Act as levers for movement
Thicker, compact bone in diaphysis
Mostly limb bones

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of short bone

A

Close to equal length and width
Weight bearing (multi directional)
Mostly cancellous (trabecular) bone

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of flat bone

A

Function usually for muscle attachment
Also function as protection
Thin plates of compact bone

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of irregular bone

A

Doesn’t seem to fit into any other category
Various shapes and functions

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10
Q

What are the two division of the skeleton

A

Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton

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11
Q

Outline the Axial skeleton

A

Bones of the core (e.g. skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum, cocyx)
Protection of vital organs

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12
Q

Outline the appendicular skeleton

A

Bones of the limbs
Most important for movement

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13
Q

What is the function of the cranium

A

Encloses the brain (protection)
Muscular attachment

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14
Q

What are the functions of facial bone

A

Protect and support sensory organs

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15
Q

What are the skull bone joints called, and what is their main characteristic

A

Sutures
They are immovable

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16
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column

A

Keeps the trunk upright/supported (lots of muscle/ligament attachment points)
Supports head

17
Q

What are the devisions of the vertebral column

A

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum and coccyx

18
Q

What are the components of the rib cage

A

Ribs
Sternum

19
Q

What is the function of the rib cage

A

Protection of organs in the chest

20
Q

What are the characteristics of the limb bone structure

A

Singular proximal long bone (humerus, femur)
Two distal long bones (radius/ulnar, tibia/fibula)

21
Q

Name the parts of the upper limb (superior then inferior)

A

Arm
Forearm

22
Q

Name the parts of the lower limb (superior then inferior)

A

Thigh
Leg

23
Q

Outline the characteristics that seperate the humerus and the femur

A

Humerous - shorter, lighter
Deeper articulation for proximal femur than proximal humerus
Stability vs movement (femur, humerus)

24
Q

What is pronation and supination (forearm)

A

Pronation - palm facing downwards, radius/ulnar crossed
Supination - palm facing upwards, radius/ulnar parallel

25
Q

What characteristics distinguish between the mobility of the leg and the forearm

A

Forearm - pronation/supination
Leg - no pronation/supination

26
Q

What 3 bones make up the hand, and how many of each

A

Carpals - 8
Metacarpals - 5
Phalanges - 14

27
Q

What 3 bones make up the foot, and how many of each

A

Tarsals - 7
Metatarsals - 5
Phalanges - 14

28
Q

How do the upper and lower limbs attach to the axial skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle

29
Q

What bones are involved in the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle
Scapula

30
Q

What bones are involved in the Pelvic girdle

A

Hip bones
Sacrum

31
Q

Outline the functions of the 2 bones in the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle - stabilising strut
Scapula - free moving muscle attachments

32
Q

Outline the differences between the male and female pelvic anatomy

A

Female pelvic cavity more circular
Pelvic outlet more open in females

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