Bone Growth And Joint Tissue And Structure Flashcards
When do bones begin as a cartilage model
6 weeks after fertilisation
What is the process of transforming cartilage into bone called
Endochondral ossification
What is the primary centre of ossification
Diaphysis
What is the secondary centre of ossification
Epiphysis
Does the diaphysis or epiphysis engage in ossification first
Diaphysis - epiphysis remains cartilage
What separates the primary and secondary ossification centres
Epiphysis is separated from diaphysis by epiphyseal plate
What is the epiphyseal plate made of
Hyaline cartilage
What enables bone growth (length)
Epiphyseal plates
When do the epiphyses start to fuse with the diaphyses
Starting from puberty
What enables growth in length
Growth plate/epiphyseal plate
What enables growth in width
Appositional growth
Osteoblasts produce circumferential lamellae
Osteoclasts degrade bone and form medullary cavity
What is a joint
Holds bones together
Where bones meet
Involves bone tissue and soft tissues
Allows free movement/control of movement
Do the soft tissues of joints have inorganic components
No
What are the two types of cartilage associated with joints
Hyaline (articulate)
Fibrocartilage
What is the general composition of cartilage
Collagen fibres in a ground substance, chondrocytes in lucunae
Do blood vessels penetrate cartilage
No
How does nutrients enter the cartilage matrix
Through joint loading
What is the structure of hyaline (articulate) cartilage
Collagen fibres (random orientation) are barley visible
High water content in matrix
What is the function of hyaline (articular) cartilage
Resist compression
To proveide a smooth, frictionless surface
Mould to surface of bones where they articulate
What happens to hyaline cartilage with age
It degrades
What is the structure of Fibrocartilage
Collagen fibres form bundles throughout matrix
Orientation of fibres align with stresses
What is the function of Fibrocartilage
Resist compression and tension
Deepening of articular surfaces
Where is Fibrocartilage located
Generally at articulations that experience both compression and tension
What are the similarities of tendons and ligaments
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Collagen
Fibroblasts
Minimal vascularity
Slow healing after injury
What are fibroblasts
A cell in connective tissue that produces collagen and fibres
What do ligaments connect
Bone to bone
What is the function of ligaments
Restrict movement (away from themselves)
E.g. lateral ligaments restrict medial movement
What is the significance of elastin and collagen in ligaments
Allow stretch and recoil
What is the function of tendons
Connect muscle to bone
Facilitates and controls movement
What dictates the amount of soft tissue support there is in a joint
The amount of bony congruence (sum of surfaces that form an articulation)
What are tissues
Cells grouped together in a highly organised manner according to specific structure and function
What are structures
Something formed of a tissue
What two types of joints have less range of motion
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
What tissue is in fibrous joints
Dense fibrous connective tissue
What provides structure to Fibrous joints
Ligament
What is the function of Fibrous joints
Limit movement, provide stability
What tissue is in cartilaginous joints
Fibrocartilage
Do cartilaginous joints allow movement
Some movement
