Joint Classification Flashcards
What are the 3 types of joints
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
What is the tissue, structure, and function of fibrous joints
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Ligament
Limited movement
Stability
What is the tissue, structure, and function of cartilaginous joints
Fibrocartilage
Various structures with special functions
Limited movement
What are the 3 characteristics of synovial joints
Fma
Free moving
Most limb joints
Amount and direction of movement determined by joint structure
What are the characteristics of synovial joints
CBF
Complex association of tissues and structures
Bone ends determine range of movement
Facilitation and control of free movement
What is the structure of the synovial joint
SLAB JJ
Synovial membrane
Ligaments
Articular cartilage
Bone ends
Joint cavity
Joint capsule
What is the difference between the joint capsule and joint cavity
Joint capsule encapsulates/wraps around the joint creating an enclosed environment
Joint cavity is small space (can get bigger when needed for movement) contains synovial fluid. Internally lined by synovial membrane
What covers the bone ends where they articulate
Hyaline (articular) cartilage
What is function of articular cartilage in joint, and its location
Covers the subchondral bone
Allows smooth, frictionless movement
What are the outer and inner layers of the joint capsule
Outer - dense fibrous connective tissue
Inner - synovial membrane
What is the function of the synovial membrane
Secretion of synovial fluid
What is the function of synovial fluid
Lubricates joint
Provides nutrients to a-vascular structures
How does cartilage get nutrients
Through joint loading with synovial fluid - like squeezing a sponge in water
What is the function of the joint capsule
Hold bones together
Tight and thick where support is required
Loose where movement is allowed
Why are some capsules thicker
More support required so capsule is thicker
Which ligament connects femur to tibia and restricts abduction
Medial collateral ligament MCL
What ligament connects the femur to the fibula and restricts adduction
Lateral collateral ligament LCL
What are intercapsular ligaments
Additional bands of DFCT located inside the capsule to hold bones together
What is the anterior cruciate ligament ACL
Anterior of tibia to posterior of femur
Restricts posterior displacement of femur
What is the posterior cruciate ligament PCL
Posterior of tibia to anterior of femur
Restricts anterior displacement of femur
What is the function of fibrocartilaginous pads
Shock absorption and/or deepen articulations
What are the fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee joint called
Medial and lateral meniscus
What determines the range of movement
BLB
Bone end shape
Ligament location and length
Body surface contact (muscle tissue getting in way etc)
What are the 3 axis of joint movement
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial
What are the 3 anatomical planes
Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse
What are the 7 synovial joint shapes
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Ellipsoid
Saddle
Ball & Socket
What are the characteristics of the Plane joint
Multiaxial
“Sliding” and “gliding”
Flat articular surfaces
E.g. intercarpal
What are the characteristics of the hinge joint
Uniaxial
Movements are flexion and extension
E.g. ankle, elbow
What are the characteristics of the pivot joint
Uniaxial
Movement is rotation
E.g. radioulnar joints
What are the characteristics of condylar joints
Biaxial
Flexion and extension
Rotation when flexed
E.g. knee
What are the characteristics of the ellipsoid joint
Biaxial
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Hence also circumduction
E.g. wrist joint
What are the characteristics of the saddle joint
Biaxial (+)
Flexion and extension
Hence also circumduction
Obligatory rotation - opposition
E.g. carpometacarpal joint
What are the characteristics of the ball and socket joint
Multiaxial
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Hence also circumduction
Rotation
E.g shoulder and hip
