Adrenal Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the 2 devisions of the adrenal glands

A

Outer layer is cortex. Yellow
Inner layer is medulla. Red or Grey

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2
Q

Where are Adrenal glands located

A

Superior to each kidney

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3
Q

Outline the structure of the adrenal glands

A

Made of 2 seperate glands
Adrenal cortex - outer region, has 3 layers, secretes steroid hormones, secretes cortisol
Adrenal medulla - central region, part of sympathetic nervous system, secretes mainly adrenaline

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4
Q

Outline the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex

A

Outer layer secretes aldosterone
Middle layer secretes cortisol
Inner layer secretes androgens

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5
Q

Outline Adrenaline

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline (epinephrine and norepinephrine) are secreted as part of sympathetic nervous systems response to stress
Adrenaline + noradrenaline secretion from adrenal medulla supplements actions of sympathetic nervous system, particularly in times of stress.

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6
Q

Outline the adrenal medulla pathway to effector cells

A

Sympathetic preganglionic fibre synapses at adrenal medulla
Releases adrenaline (80%) and noradrenaline (20%) neurohormones into blood stream. Hormones travel to, bind to, and mediate response from target/effector cells

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7
Q

Outline the sympathetic chain ganglion pathway to effector

A

Sympathetic preganglionic fibre synapses at sympathetic chain ganglion
Post ganglionic fibres synapse at effector cell, releasing norepinephrine

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8
Q

Outline the process of adrenaline adrenaline stimulating cell

A

water soluble hormone (amino acids derivative)
Cell embrane receptor
Uses secondary messenger system
Amplification of cellular response
Fast

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9
Q

Outline the process of adrenaline secretion

A

Stimulus: stress
Hypothalamus stimulates sympathetic preganglionic fibres
Adrenal medulla stimulated to secrete adrenaline
Effects: Increased breakdown of glycogen to to glucose in skeletal muscle and liver
Increased breakdown of fat to fatty acid in adipose tissue
Stimulus reduced when stress is recused

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10
Q

What is the overall effect of adrenaline secretion

A

Makes fuel (glucose and fatty acids) more readily available to cells

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